Objective The present study aimed to assess the psychological and clinical determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with the disease severity and outcomes. Methods This prospective study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar-Pakistan. Admitted patients were screened for COVID-19 with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequently, 250 COVID positive patients were included in the final analysis. Data were obtained from the patient's medical chart; demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Psychological determinants, including anxiety and depression, were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The predictors of disease severity and outcomes (recovery vs. mortality) were also studied. Results A total of 250 patients were included in this study; out of which, 193 patients recovered from this deadly virus and 57 died. Based on psychological assessment, 58.4% of the enrolled COVID-19 patients had poor HADS scores. Most of the patients who died (70.2%) had severe symptoms (poor HADS scores). Similarly, 49.6% of the total cases were observed with poor HADS, and 50.9% of those who died had severe depression. Conclusion It is concluded from the study results that psychological distress is frequent in COVID-19 patients. Age, hypertension, fatigue, abnormal respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, ferritin, and poor HADS sore were determined as the significant predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
Background: Haematological disorders are quite common in children. Bone marrow examination is a very important investigation for the diagnosis of many haematological and non haematological diseases. Objective: To determine the frequency of common hematological diseases in paediatric patients presenting with clinical features underling on biopsy. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out at Hematology Department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 19th Feb to 19th Aug 2018. A thorough relevant history was collected, and a clinical examination was performed. All haematological parameters were documented. Blood counts were carried out using an automated haematology analyzer. May – Grunwald Geimsa and Sudan Black B were used to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, while haematoxylin and eosin was used to stain trephine biopsies. Exclusion criteria were used to compensate for confounding variables and bias. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolled in this study. The range of age was between 2 months -15 years, with an average age of 8 years. Among 290 patients 211 (72.75%) male and 79 (27.24%) were female. 154 (53.10%) patients were in 2-8 years age group whereas 136 (46.89%) patients in 9-15 years age group. As per common hematological diseases, 72 (24.82%) patients were having megaloblatic anemia, 42 (14.48%) patients were having aplastic anemia, and 74 (25.51%) patients were having leukemia. Stratification of common hematological diseases with respect to age, gender and duration of disease are recorded. Conclusions: Leukemia is the commonest haematological disorder followed by megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia. Keywords: Bone marrow Examination, Leukemia, Megaloblastic anemia, Aplastic Anemia
Background: Anemia influences approximately 20 million people around the world mostly women and children. Megaloblastic anemia, a common cause of anemia caused by ineffective erythropoiesis, commonly manifested by peripheral blood cytopenia. Objective: To find out the frequency of megaloblastic anemia in pediatric patients presenting with peripheral cytopenia Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Department of Hematology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 19 Feb, 2019 to 19 Aug, 2019. All the participants were selected based on inclusion criteria. Hematological profile was recorded for the entire participant. Automated hematology analyzer was used for all the blood counts. Data analysis was carried out by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Totally 175 patients were enrolled in our study. There were 117 (66.85%) males patients whereas female patients were 58 (33.14%). Based on age distribution, 65 (37.14%) patients were recorded in 5-10 years age group, 110 (62.85%) patients were recorded in 11-15 years age group. Mean and SDs for age was recorded as 12.3+3.19. Megaloblastic anemia was observed in 23 (13.14%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that megaloblastic anemia is highly prevalent in pediatric patients presenting with peripheral cytopenia. Pancytopenia is a common condition in our pediatric patients caused by failure of bone marrow and leukemia. Keywords: Anemia, Bone Marrow, Megaloblastic, Pancytopenia
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