Psychogenetics and sport

Valeeva, Elena V.; Ahmetov, Ildus I.; Rees, Tim

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816193-7.00007-5

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…With the continuous development of genetic technology, it has become easier to further explore the genetic basis of excellent sports performance and find that SNPs and other genetic variations may directly or indirectly influence the athletic performance of aerobic exercise ability and other physiological characteristics, such as muscle strength and speed. Many SNPs associated with high heritability of phenotypes related to athlete status have been identified in the last 2 decades ( Maciejewska-Skrendo et al, 2019 ; Semenova et al, 2019 ; Valeeva et al, 2019 ). The ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms have been intensely investigated with athletic performance in endurance- and power-oriented events ( Jacob et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population

Wei

2021

Front. Genet.

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This investigation aimed to explore the effects of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphisms on specific quantitative variables, including height, weight, arm span, biacromial breadth, forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC/weight, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), prone bench pull (PBP), loaded barbell squat (LBS), and 3,000-m run, in 243 Chinese rowing athletes. The ACE and ACTN3 genotypes were obtained for each athlete via polymerase chain reaction on saliva samples, and the genotype frequency was analyzed. The ACE genotype frequency of rowing athletes were 45.8% II, 42.2% ID, and 12% DD for males and 33.6% II, 48% ID, and 18.4% DD for females. There were significant differences in weight in male athletes, PBP in female athletes, and ACE genotypes. A linear regression analysis using PBP and LBS as different dependent variables and ACE genotypes as independent variables based on the ACE I allele additive genetic effect showed a statistical significance in female athletes (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the distribution of the three genotypes among male athletes (36.7% XX, 38.5% RX, and 24.8% RR, χ2 = 5.191, df = 2, p = 0.022 < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the three genotypes among female athletes (23.8% XX, 47.8% RX, 28.4% RR, χ2 = 0.24, df = 2, p = 0.619 > 0.05). The ACTN3 gene polymorphism of male rowing athletes was dominated by the ACTN3 577X allele. There were significant differences in the χ2 test between groups of male athletes. The ACTN3 R577 allele was dominant in female athletes. There were significant differences between PBP and FVC/body weight and ACTN3 genotypes in male athletes by ANOVA, respectively (p < 0.05). A linear regression analysis using FVC and FVC/body weight as dependent variables and ACTN3 genotypes as independent variables based on the ACTN3 577X allele recessive genetic effect showed statistical significance in male athletes (p < 0.05). These results suggested that ACE and ACTN3 gene polymorphisms may be used as biomarkers of genetic traits in Chinese rowing athletes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population

Wei

2021

Front. Genet.

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“…Indeed, the most comprehensive heritability meta-analysis to date (including ~ 14 million twin pairs and 17,804 human traits) reported a weighted heritability estimate across all human traits of 49% [26]. Although, as genetic testing aims to reveal which variants (previously associated with specific traits) an individual possesses, it should be noted that very few psychogenetic variants have been identified and validated in sport [32]. In light of this information, perhaps the perspectives of the key stakeholders should not be surprising regarding the genetic influence on psychological traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Testing in Professional Football: Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

McAuley

Hughes

Tsaprouni

et al. 2021

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing rapidly. However, the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders (i.e., coaches, practitioners, players). Methods In total, 122 participants completed an online anonymous survey. This consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions, with the option of providing an explanation for each response. Results Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders (10%) or their respective organisations (14%). However, three quarters (75%) had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the future. The majority (72%) believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk, whilst 35% believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification purposes. However, most key stakeholders viewed their own (89%) and their colleagues’ (79%) knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient; mainly due to ineffective current communication methods (91%). Most believed educational workshops are required (71%), whilst nearly all (91%) were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic testing. Conclusion Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football, although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the future. As such, educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

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“…Some individuals are naturally talented and show excellent performance in specific sports, even with similar physical condition and training to others. It is widely recognized that the innate talent of each athlete is one of the significant contributors to success in sports, and a significant portion of an individual’s talent or traits is determined by genetic factors [ 1 – 3 ]. With recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, understanding the specific genetic variants contributing to these traits in sports performance has grown, and the research field ‘sports genomics’ has developed [ 1 – 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic basis of elite combat sports athletes: a systematic review

Youn¹,

Kim

2021

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Each athlete’s innate talent is widely recognized as one of the important contributors to achievement in athletic performance, and genetic factors determine a significant portion of talent or traits. Advances in DNA sequencing technology allow us to discover specific genetic variants contributing to these traits in sports performance. The objective of this systematic review is to identify genes that may play a significant role in the performance of elite-level combat sports athletes. Through the review of 18 full-text articles, a total of 109 different polymorphisms were investigated in 14,313 participants (2,786 combat sports athletes, 8,969 non-athlete controls, 2,558 other sports athletes). Thirteen polymorphisms showed a significant difference between elite combat athletes and the control group, and consist of 8 (PPARA rs4253778, ACTN3 rs1815739, ACE rs4646994, CKM rs8111989, MCT1 rs1049434, FTO rs9939609, GABP β 1 rs7181866 and rs8031031) oriented to athletic performance and 5 (COMT rs4680, FEV rs860573, SLC6A2 rs2242446, HTR1B rs11568817, ADRA2A rs521674) focused on psychological traits including emotional and mental traits in combat sports athletes. In addition, a recent whole genome sequencing study identified 4 polymorphisms (KIF27 rs10125715, APC rs518013, TMEM229A rs7783359, LRRN3 rs80054135) associated with reaction time in wrestlers. However, it is not clearly identified which genes are linked explicitly with elite combat sports athletes and how they affect the elite athlete’s status or performance in combat sports. Hence, a greater number of candidate genes should be included in future studies to practically utilize the genetic information.

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Psychogenetics and sport

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population

ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population

Genetic Testing in Professional Football: Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

Genetic basis of elite combat sports athletes: a systematic review

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