ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population

Abstract

This investigation aimed to explore the effects of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphisms on specific quantitative variables, including height, weight, arm span, biacromial breadth, forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC/weight, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), prone bench pull (PBP), loaded barbell squat (LBS), and 3,000-m run, in 243 Chinese rowing athletes. The ACE and ACTN3 genotypes were obtained for each athlete via polymerase chain reaction on saliva samples, and the genotype frequency was analyzed. The ACE genotype frequency of rowing athletes were 45.8% II, 42.2% ID, and 12% DD for males and 33.6% II, 48% ID, and 18.4% DD for females. There were significant differences in weight in male athletes, PBP in female athletes, and ACE genotypes. A linear regression analysis using PBP and LBS as different dependent variables and ACE genotypes as independent variables based on the ACE I allele additive genetic effect showed a statistical significance in female athletes (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the distribution of the three genotypes among male athletes (36.7% XX, 38.5% RX, and 24.8% RR, χ2 = 5.191, df = 2, p = 0.022 < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the three genotypes among female athletes (23.8% XX, 47.8% RX, 28.4% RR, χ2 = 0.24, df = 2, p = 0.619 > 0.05). The ACTN3 gene polymorphism of male rowing athletes was dominated by the ACTN3 577X allele. There were significant differences in the χ2 test between groups of male athletes. The ACTN3 R577 allele was dominant in female athletes. There were significant differences between PBP and FVC/body weight and ACTN3 genotypes in male athletes by ANOVA, respectively (p < 0.05). A linear regression analysis using FVC and FVC/body weight as dependent variables and ACTN3 genotypes as independent variables based on the ACTN3 577X allele recessive genetic effect showed statistical significance in male athletes (p < 0.05). These results suggested that ACE and ACTN3 gene polymorphisms may be used as biomarkers of genetic traits in Chinese rowing athletes.

Investigating a Variant in the ACE Gene in Ahvaz Male and Female Athletes Compared to the Control Group with Normal Body Mass

“…They found a significant difference in ACE genotype between male and female athletes. The results of their research show that ACE and ACTN3 gene polymorphisms may be used as characteristic biomarkers in Chinese rowing athletes (11). The results of his research are consistent with the present study.…”

Sporda Beslenme ile Nutrigenetik ve Nutrigenomik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

“…20 İnsanları birbirinden ayıran genetik, atletik performans üzerinde hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı etki gücüne sahip biyolojik bir olgudur. 21,22 Fiziksel performansın % 66 oranında kalıtımsal faktörlerden etkilenen bir özellik olduğu dikkate alındığında genetiğin kas fibrili, kas kuvveti ve esnekliği üzerinde kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmektedir. [23][24][25] İnsan Genom Projesinin tamamlanmasıyla insana ilişkin birçok özellik gün yüzüne çıkmaya başlamıştır.…”

Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Body Composition and Performance of Brazilians in a 105 Km Mountain Ultramarathon

“…However, despite evidence of a correlation between anthropometry and final performance, it is necessary to emphasize that genes and their polymorphisms are partially responsible for determining the physiological, anthropometric, and psychological characteristics needed to achieve athletic performance and elite athlete status [ 12 ]. Variables such as height and body mass index are highly heritable and both contribute to identifying talent in different sports [ 13 ].…”

“…However, upon searching the literature for the analyses of the association between body composition and genetics, only three studies have been documented, involving ballet dancers [ 26 ], rugby athletes [ 14 ], and Chinese rowing athletes [ 12 ]. This highlights the need for studies in the literature that explore the body composition of mountain ultramarathon runners, along with the analysis of the ACTN3 R577X , ACE I/D , and CK MM A/G Ncol gene polymorphisms.…”