Psychobiologic Research in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Southwick, Steven M.; Bremner, Douglas; Krystal, John H.; Charney, Dennis S.

doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30112-6

Cited by 110 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This conforms with the results of other publications, which suggest that the developmental level at which the trauma occurs, the personality, political education and the sex of the patient affect the extent of psychobiological disruptions [21]. Severe psychological trauma can cause alterations in the organism's biologic response to stress even years after the original insult, including hyperarousal, vigilance, sleep deprivation and explosiveness [22]. In our patients, variability was noted most markedly in the temporoparietal region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, given the low number of the subjects, our study must be considered preliminary. Functional neuroimaging examinations, such as SPECT imaging, should be performed more frequently on such patients, with the aim of better understanding the disease and, in consequence, re-evaluating suitable therapeutic interventions [22]. We believe that offering appropriate psychotherapeutic and medical treatment may contribute to easing a number of complaints commonly expressed by patients suffering from PTSD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Mirzaei¹,

Knöll²,

Keck

et al. 2001

Neuropsychobiology

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Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether regional cerebral blood flow in survivors of torture suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differed significantly from that in healthy controls. Method: We examined the cerebral regional distribution of 99m-technetium-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 8 patients and in 8 healthy controls. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed in which symmetrical regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in all subjects. Results: Regional blood flow was markedly more heterogeneous in patients suffering from PTSD than in healthy controls. The differences are significant. Conclusion: Severe psychological trauma induced by torture can cause neurobiologic alterations that may contribute, even years after the original trauma, to a number of complaints commonly expressed by patients suffering from PTSD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Mirzaei¹,

Knöll²,

Keck

et al. 2001

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Immobilization mimics a stressful and inescapable life situation in which adaptation is less likely to modify the physiological responses (31). Immobilization tests have been used in the study of neurodegenerative and posttraumatic stress disorders (312); it also has immunologic consequences as it decreases the number of natural killer cells and reduces concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation (323). From a cardiovascular point of view, restraining (120 min/day, 14 days) increased systolic blood pressure and negatively affected endothelium-dependent, -induced vasorelaxation; increased activity of the ACE and augmented angiotensin II levels coupled with high levels of malondialdehyde and oxidized products of NO occur, along with increased expression of gp91 phox and Rho-associated kinase-1 in arterial walls (63).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Physical Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress impacts the cardiovascular system: animal models and clinical outcomes

Golbidi

Frisbee

Laher

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

176

132

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“…Restrain stress-induced stress has been one of the more commonly employed models for induction of acute stress in rats 23,33) and this type of physical stress is most useful for studying stress-induced neurodegeneration and posttraumatic disorders. 34,35) Several diŠerent research groups have employed diŠerent time intervals of immobilization such as 1, 22,33) 2, 36) 2.5, 37) 3, 38) 4, 39) and 6 h 23,40) for the induction of variable degrees of acute stress. In the present study, rats were restrained for 3.5 h for inducing acute stress, since this time period was found to produce reproducible and optimum stress in rats during pilot studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Effect of Stress Preconditioning in Restrain Stress-induced Behavioral Alterations

2010

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Stress preconditioning has been documented to confer on gastroprotective eŠects on stress-induced gastric ulcerations. However, the eŠects of prior exposure of stress preconditioning episodes on stress-induced behavioral changes have not been explored yet. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative eŠects of stress preconditioning in immobilization stress-induced behavioral alterations in rats. The rats were subjected to restrain stress by placing in restrainer (5.5 cm in diameter and 18 cm in length) for 3.5 h. Stress preconditioning was induced by subjecting the rats to two cycles of restraint and restrain-free periods of 15 min each. Furthermore, a similar type of stress preconditioning was induced using diŠerent time cycles of 30 and 45 min. The extent and severity of the stress-induced behavioral alterations were assessed using diŠerent behavioral tests such as hole-board test, social interaction test, open eld test, and actophotometer. Restrain stress resulted in decrease in locomotor activity, frequency of head dips and rearing in hole board, line crossing and rearing in openˆeld, and decreased following and increased avoidance in social interaction test. Stress preconditioning with two cycles of 15, 30 or 45 min respectively, did not attenuate stress-induced behavioral changes to any extent. It may be concluded that stress preconditioning does not seem to confer any protective eŠect in modulating restrain stress-induced behavioral alterations.

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Psychobiologic Research in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 110 publications

References 71 publications

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Chronic stress impacts the cardiovascular system: animal models and clinical outcomes

Studies on Effect of Stress Preconditioning in Restrain Stress-induced Behavioral Alterations

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