Psycho-behavioural factors associated with medication adherence among male out-patients with hypertension in a Ghanaian hospital

Abstract

Medication adherence is a key health outcome that reflects the health and general wellbeing of patients with hypertension. Challenges with adherence are common and associated with clinical, behavioural and psychosocial factors. This study sought to provide data on the extent of medication adherence among male patients with hypertension and their biopsychosocial predictors. Patient and clinical characteristics, psychological distress, insomnia and sexual dysfunction were hypothesized to predict outcomes of medication adherence. Utilizing quantitative data from a hospital-based cross-sectional study from 358 male outpatients with hypertension attending a tertiary hospital in Ghana, medication adherence was associated with age, marital status, educational level, income, duration of diagnosis, number of medications taken and sexual dysfunction. These findings support the need for biopsychosocial interventions aiming at promoting adherence while taking these factors into consideration for the benefit of improving the health and general well-being of male patients with hypertension.

Antihypertensive medication adherence and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in North Showa Zone Public Hospitals, North Ethiopia, 2021. Institutional Cross- Sectional study

“…Those who got married were three times more adherent than widowed. This nding is in line with the study done in north United Arab Emirates, Ghana and Black Lion hospital (37,42,43). This association could be due to, those who married had a person to whom share their stressor as well as one can remind the others, the time to take their medication.…”

Meta-Analysis: Relationship of Age, Gender, and Education Level with Medication Adherence of Hypertension Patients

“…In line with the results of [10] research, [11] research shows a relationship between age, level of education, and adherence to hypertension treatment. In another study, [12] stated a relationship between age and gender on medication adherence of patients with hypertension.…”

Prevalence and determinants of medication adherence among patients taking antihypertensive medications in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis 2010–2021

“…The tools used for assessing medication adherence (the outcome variable) were the 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale—MMAS‐8 (Adeoye et al, 2019 ; Kretchy et al, 2014 ); the Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale—MMAS (Adidja et al, 2018 ; Ambaw et al, 2012 ; Kretchy et al, 2014 ; Okunrinboye et al, 2019 ); the 9‐item Modified Morisky Adherence Predictor Scale—MMAPS (Adisa et al, 2018 ); the 4‐item Morisky–Green–Levine Scale—MGLS (Teshome et al, 2017 ); the 9‐item Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire—BMQ (Adisa et al, 2018 ); the modified Hill–Bone adherence scale (Mweene et al, 2010 ); and the Medication Adherence Questionnaire—MAQ (Kretchy et al, 2020 ). Some other important variables were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression—HAM‐D (Okunrinboye et al, 2019 ); Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview—MINI (Okunrinboye et al, 2019 ); and the 18‐item Hypertensive Medication Side Effect Experience Scale—HMSEES (Kretchy et al, 2014 ); the practice of self‐monitoring of blood pressure—SMBP (Adisa et al, 2018 ); Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire—BIPQ (Adisa et al, 2018 ); the 10‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kretchy et al, 2020 ); and the insomnia scale which assesses eight factors (Kretchy et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The ability of a person or the belief that an individual can control BP and the locus of control by a particular patient were noted to have positive correlation to higher medication adherence (Kretchy et al, 2014 ; Rampamba et al, 2018 ). The duration of being diagnosed for hypertension (Adeoye et al, 2019 ; Kretchy et al, 2020 ), duration of taking antihypertensive medication or being on antihypertension medication treatment (Adidja et al, 2018 ; Kretchy et al, 2020 ) and beliefs associated with the efficacy of the medication taken were said to have a positive association with higher medication adherence. The absence of hypotensive symptoms was associated with poor adherence (Adidja et al, 2018 ; Adisa et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Good medication adherence was higher (96.9%) among those aged 60 years and above compared to those less than 60 years (95.9%, p ‐value of 0.577; Okunrinboye et al, 2019 ). The odds of a patient adhering to medication decrease by 3% with every year advancement in age (AOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99; Kretchy et al, 2020 ). Study participants who were married had 21% lesser odds of having better medication adherence than those who were single (Kretchy et al, 2020 ).…”