Pseudopregnancy in the Rabbit after Stimulation by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Beier, Henning M.; Kühnel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1159/000178286

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…), following a transfer to estrogen‐treated rabbits, took longer to implant. In these animals, implantation was observed at days 11–12 p.c., which is an unusual occurrence in rabbits …”

Section: Functions Of Uterine Fluidmentioning

confidence: 93%

Secrets of Endometrial Receptivity: Some Are Hidden in Uterine Secretome

Bhusane

Bhutada

Chaudhari

et al. 2016

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem Endometrium, the innermost mucosal layer of the uterus, serves as a lodge for the embryo in eutherian mammals. The endometrium is constituted of various cell types, and each cell type executes specific functions to facilitate embryo implantation and development. It is well established that the endometrium, despite being non-permissive to the embryo for the major period of a menstrual cycle, is irreplaceable in the scheme of events essential for procreation. However, the embryo, before initiating physical contact with the endometrium, encounters the uterine cavity that remains bathed in uterine fluid. Uterine fluid is an admixture of endometrial secretions, plasma transudates, and oviductal fluid. Uterine fluid components are believed to play important roles in immunosuppression and embryo development during peri-implantation period. Uterine fluid is also involved in defense against pathogens, sperm migration, and lubrication of endometrium. The advent of highthroughput functional genomics tools has created enormous opportunities to investigate the uterine fluid for its protein repertoire and modulation during the receptive phase of an endometrial cycle in animals and humans. Towards this, few investigations have been conducted in recent years. The data obtained using non-targetted functional genomics approaches need to be assimilated with the existing information on specific components of uterine fluid. MethodThis review compiles existing information on the composition of uterine fluid and its significance in endometrial functions and dysfunctions. ResultCollectively, investigations based on targetted and non-targetted approaches have revealed the presence of several cytokines, growth factors, ions, carbohydrates, and steroids, in human uterine fluid. ConclusionDetailed investigations of human uterine fluid, especially directed towards the elucidation of functional relevance of different proteins in uterine fluid, will help identify novel markers of endometrial receptivity and also gain significant insights into the mechanisms underlying unexplained infertility, recurrent pregnancy losses, and other endometrial pathologies.

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“…), following a transfer to estrogen‐treated rabbits, took longer to implant. In these animals, implantation was observed at days 11–12 p.c., which is an unusual occurrence in rabbits …”

Section: Functions Of Uterine Fluidmentioning

confidence: 93%

Secrets of Endometrial Receptivity: Some Are Hidden in Uterine Secretome

Bhusane

Bhutada

Chaudhari

et al. 2016

American J Rep Immunol

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“…During the "secretory phase" between Days 4 and 6 of pregnancy, the luminal epithelial cells exhibit characteristic protrusions of the cytoplasm into the uterine lumen in the the form of dome-like prominences (Meyer, 1970;Beier & Kiihnel, 1973;Davies & Hoffman, 1973,1975Beier, 1974;Barberini, Sartori, Motta & Van Blerkom, 1978). The dome-like projections, often called secretory domes, appeared to be attached to the cells or free within the uterine lumen : it has been suggested that they pinch off from the cells, degenerate, and release their contents into the uterine lumen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of apical domes in the rabbit uterine epithelium during the peri-implantation period to endocytosis, apocrine secretion and fixation

Parr¹,

Parr²

1982

Reproduction

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Summary. The luminal surfaces of non-ciliated uterine epithelial cells of 17 rabbits on Days 4\p=n-\6of pregnancy were studied histologically with light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The luminal surfaces of most epithelial cells exhibited short microvilli and did not project into the uterine lumen. However, the surfaces of some cells showed fewer microvilli and bulged out into the uterine lumen, giving the cells a dome-like appearance. The domes appeared most frequently on Day 6 of pregnancy and contained a few ribosomes, mitochondria, and membranous elements; large vacuoles and granules were absent.The domes were not involved in endocytosis. Ferritin introduced into the uterine lumen was incorporated into the cells by coated micropinocytotic invaginations at the base of the microvilli, rather than by any activity of the domes. There was also no indication that the domes pinched off to produce an apocrine secretion. The size and frequency of domes were, however, clearly related to the fixation procedure. Epithelial cells from uteri fixed by vascular perfusion showed fewer and less prominent domes, while cells from uteri fixed by immersion displayed a larger number of domes that projected further into the uterine lumen. The domes in the rabbit epithelium therefore differ structurally and functionally from the apical projections (pinopods) that occur in the uterine epithelium of the rat and mouse during the peri-implantation period.

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“…The endometrial glands showed apocrine activity. Endometrial secretion appears much sooner during the HCGinduced pseudopregnancy than in a normal pregnancy and maximal secretory capacity is reached after 7 days of the pseudopregnancy [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pseudopregnancy lasts up to 18 days post ovulation and is related to the progestational influence of persistent corpora lutea [2,3]. Rabbits, unlike other mammals do not show regular estrus cycles, although a certain rhythm exists in their sexual receptivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Rabbit Uterus during Pseudopregnancy

Abd-Elkareem¹

2017

J Cytol Histol

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Ten mature virgin rabbit does (4-5 months old) with mean weight of 2.4 kg were induced to ovulate; by intramuscular injection of HCG (50-70 IU). The day of induction was considered 0 days. Uteri were obtained from 14 h, 3, 7, 18 days post induction. At first stage of pseudopregnancy; the two uteri became hyperemic and slightly swollen. The uterine epithelium and endometrial glands epithelium were of columnar type with oval basal nuclei. The endometrial glands were few in number and small in size. The endometrial glands showed apocrine activity. The uterus had six longitudinal folds and the uterine epithelium form crypts. The endometrium had slight vascularization. At middle stage of pseudopregnancy, the two uteri became hyperemic and more swollen. This stage characterized by; mucosal folding, glandular formation, epithelial proliferation and thickening of the uterine wall. At last stage of pseudopregnancy; the two uteri became flaccid and more swollen. This stage characterized by dramatic changes in the uterine architecture in the form of: increased epithelial proliferation and crypt formation increase the complexity of luminal folding, increase in length, size and abundance of the uterine endometrial glands, increase in the uterine micro vascular development (increased abundance of the large microvessels and development of subepithelial capillary plexuses). Tunica vascularis could be demonstrated between the inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers of the myometrium at the all stages of psedopregnancy. Telocytes with its characteristic morphology could be demonstrated in the myometrium of the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy. Cell-specific immuno-localization of progesterone receptors alpha (PRA) in the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy revealed that, there were mild, moderate and strong nuclear PRA immunostaining in the endometrial epithelial cells, endometrial glands and in the smooth muscles fibers of the myometrium of the first, middle and last stages of pseudopregnancy respectively.The present study revealed that the morphological, histological and immunohistochemical changes in the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy resembled that occurred during early stage of pregnancy. These changes were characterized by dramatic changes in the uterine architecture in the form of: increased epithelial proliferation and crypt formation increase the complexity of luminal folding, increase in length, size and abundance of the uterine endometrial glands, increase in the uterine microvascular development. These uterine changes were accompanied with PRA immunolocalization in the uterine tissues.

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Pseudopregnancy in the Rabbit after Stimulation by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Secrets of Endometrial Receptivity: Some Are Hidden in Uterine Secretome

Secrets of Endometrial Receptivity: Some Are Hidden in Uterine Secretome

Relationship of apical domes in the rabbit uterine epithelium during the peri-implantation period to endocytosis, apocrine secretion and fixation

Morphological, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Rabbit Uterus during Pseudopregnancy

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