Proton telescope (PROTEL) on the CRRES spacecraft

Violet, Michael D.; Lynch, K.; Redus, R.; Riehl, K.; Boughan, E.; Hein, C. A.

doi:10.1109/23.212348

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Proton differential flux for energies between I and 100 MeV were measured by PROTEL, with good pitch angle discrimination. Violet et al [1993] describe the many features of PROTEL designed to minimize contamination of the measurements by electrons or by protons outside the intended energy range. In orbit, PROTEL in fact showed no sensitivity to electrons, including the Olson and Pfitzer [1974].…”

Section: Crres Protel Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

CRRES observations of radiation belt protons: 1. Data overview and steady state radial diffusion

Albert¹,

Ginet²,

Gussenhoven³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: Crres Protel Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

CRRES observations of radiation belt protons: 1. Data overview and steady state radial diffusion

Albert¹,

Ginet²,

Gussenhoven³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…NPOES-15/SEM2 unidirectional differential proton flux at 2.5-6.9 MeV at 90 • pitch angle between 1998 and 2020 Sampling of the equatorial regions below GEO, which is of main interest for EOR missions, has been more sporadic. The CRRES PROTEL (Violet et al, 1993) instrument has provided good measurements in this region during less than two years in 1990 and 1991. This data has been extensively used to study the dynamics of the proton belt (Gussenhoven et al, 1996;Hudson et al, 1995;Lozinski et al, 2019).…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

OMEP-EOR: A MeV proton flux specification model for electric orbit raising missions

Brunet

Sicard

Papadimitriou

et al. 2021

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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Electric Orbit Raising (EOR) for telecommunication satellites has allowed significant reduction in on-board fuel mass, at the price of extended transfer durations. These relatively long transfers, which usually span a few months, cross large spans of the radiation belts, resulting in significant exposure of the spacecraft to space radiations. Since they are not very populated, the radiation environment of intermediate regions of the radiation belts is less constrained than on popular orbits such as LEO or GEO on standard environment models. In particular, there is a need for more specific models for the MeV energy range proton fluxes, responsible for solar arrays degradations, and hence critical for EOR missions. As part of the ESA ARTES program, ONERA has developed a specification model of proton fluxes dedicated for EOR missions. This model is able to estimate the average proton fluxes between 60 keV and 20MeV on arbitrary trajectories on the typical durations of EOR transfers. A global statistical model of the radiation belts was extracted from the Van Allen Probes (RBSP) RBSPICE data. For regions with no or low sampling, simulation results from the Salammbô radiation belt model were used. A special care was taken to model the temporal dynamics of the belts on the considered mission durations. A Gaussian Process (GP) model was developed, allowing to compute analytically the distribution of the average fluxes on arbitrary mission durations. Satellites trajectories can be flown in the resulting global distribution, yielding the proton flux spectrum distribution as seen by the spacecraft. We show results of the model on a typical EOR trajectory. The obtained fluxes are compared to the standard AP8 model, the AP9 model, and validated using the THEMIS satellites data.We illustrate the expected e ect on solar cell degradation, where our model is showing an increase of up to 20% degradation prediction compared to AP8.

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“…Details of the instrument have been described previously [19] as have methods to determine local pitch-angle distributions and correct the data from contamination by high-energy protons entering from the side when deep within the inner belt [20], [21]. A similar data reduction path was followed here to produce a database consisting of the time history of 1 minute-averaged values of for the set of sampled by the 19 PROTEL energy channels along the CRRES orbit.…”

Section: A Protel On Crresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trapped Proton Environment in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

Ginet

Huston

Roth

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Energetic proton flux maps of the differential flux intensity in the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) regime (altitudes 7000 15 000 km) are developed from measurements taken by detectors aboard the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), HEO-F1, HEO-F3 and ICO satellites. Measurement errors have been estimated by cross-calibrating to a standard sensor aboard the GOES satellite during solar proton events. Spectral inversion techniques were employed to derive differential flux spectra from the HEO and ICO integral channel dosimeters. Two methods for combining the four different satellite data sets on a standard energy and coordinate grid are presented and the ramifications due to limited spatial and temporal coverage are explored. Comparison to the NASA AP-8 models shows the new model median flux maps to be of approximately equivalent or lower magnitude in the slot region while new model 95th percentile maps are always higher. Implications for the proton dose received by MEO satellites are discussed.

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Proton telescope (PROTEL) on the CRRES spacecraft

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

CRRES observations of radiation belt protons: 1. Data overview and steady state radial diffusion

CRRES observations of radiation belt protons: 1. Data overview and steady state radial diffusion

OMEP-EOR: A MeV proton flux specification model for electric orbit raising missions

The Trapped Proton Environment in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

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