Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Ganshin, V. A.; Korkishko, Yu. N.

doi:10.1002/pssa.2211190102

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…For H : LN(Y) structures (the letter in brackets indicates the cut of crystal plates), the analysis of X-ray rocking curves from the (030) and (036) planes gives S, = Aa/a = 0.5% and S, = Ac/c = 0 [37, 381, whereas for H : LN(Z) layers (from the RC with respect to (00.12) Table 1 Conditions under which the studied H, Ti: LN and Me: LT ion exchanged structures were obtained f I W and (02.16) planes) one has S, = 0 and the maximum value S, = 0.45% 141. A similar result has been obtained in our study [33,39]: depending on doping level S, = 0.3 to 0.45% and S, = 0 (from the RC with respect to (00.12) and (018) planes). For titanium-indiffused waveguides in LN(Y), the analysis of RC from the (030) and (036) planes gives S, = -(0.076 to 0.22)% and S, = (0.005 to 0.012)% [40].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

New Method of Double-Crystal X-Ray Diffractrometric Determination of the Strained State in Surface-Layer Structures

Fedorov¹,

Ganshin²,

Korkishko³

1993

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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A new method to determine the strained state in surface‐layer structures of any crystallographic system using double‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry is proposed. The possibility to calculate all six components of the strain tensor and in general case all three components of the rotation tensor is demonstrated. The strained state in ion exchanged H:LiNbO3 and Me: LiTaO3 structures is determined.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

New Method of Double-Crystal X-Ray Diffractrometric Determination of the Strained State in Surface-Layer Structures

Fedorov¹,

Ganshin²,

Korkishko³

1993

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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“…6 The index profile of the guides subjected to thermal treatment is graded and with low surface index value. 23 The effect of mixing two weak acids ͑benzoic and adipic͒ was investigated with respect to waveguide index profile and thickness, scattering level, electrooptic effect, crystallographic phases, diffusion coefficient, and wavelength dispersion, as reported in Refs. 20 Soft proton exchange ͑SPE͒ is a process carried out at relatively high temperatures in strongly diluted melts without any postannealing procedure, 21 because the phase transitions are inhibited and the optical properties preserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design methodology of annealed H+ waveguides in ferroelectric LiNbO3

Almeida

2007

Opt. Eng

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Relations between fabrication conditions and optical characteristics of planar waveguides made by proton exchange in benzoic acid are documented in the literature, but reports on the characterization of waveguide fabrication processes, performed in a systematic way, could not be found, resulting in the need to combine data from several authors. Discrepancies among results from different researches are evident, resulting from different experimental methodologies and calibration of equipment. Therefore, aiming at extracting a consistent data set, optical characterization of the refractive index profile was employed to study series of samples. The objective was to develop a methodology for fabrication of proton-exchanged channel waveguides in LiNbO 3 operating in the single-mode regime at several wavelengths, with specific characteristics required to optimize integrated devices. To achieve this, it is necessary to obtain the relations between the optical characteristics of the waveguides and their fabrication conditions, and to introduce models of the waveguide formation process. Proton ExchangeThe technique of proton exchange is interesting due to its easy implementation, its capability of producing large refractive index variations at low temperature ͑150 to 300°C͒, and the low susceptibility of its products to photorefractive damage. 6,7 Recently, several interesting integrated devices, with optimized characteristics, were produced by this means, providing, e.g., high-efficiency second-harmonic generation 8 and optical parametric generation 9 in periodically poled lithium niobate.

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“…(6) In many cases, binary mius o solid and liquid compounds obey the laws o regular solutions where the activity coerricients are related to the concentrations as In = R.T u2 and ln 2 R.T 2 (7) where W is the interaction energy or the components. 121 at u=1, and 'y1=1 at u=O.…”

Section: _manupacturing_of_samples_and_investigation_methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Ion exchange for optical waveguides in ZnSe crystals: regularities and specific features</title>

1993

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A new method. has been applied to roi CdZniSe waveguides ion exchange in the melts or salts. 2The reularities and speciric reatures or ion exchange processes Cd Zn in ZnSe powder and single crystal plates have been studied. CdZni-Se solid solution obeys the model or regular solution. Temperature dependencies or equilibrium constant and interaction energy or strained and unstrained CdZni-Se solid solutions have been derined. We proposed the model taking into account the role or lattice misrit-induced stresses and dislocations in the ion exchange equilibrium. The depth proriles or elements and the rerractive-index proriles in the ion exchanged Cd : ZriSe waveguides were analyze and tererature dependencies or the selrdirrusion coerricients or Cd and Zn ions were determined. 1 . _INTRODUCTION Owing to their eleotrooptical, elastooptical and semiconducting properties Il-VI single crystals are one or perspective materials ror integrated optics. In recent years the waveguiding elements n their basis were manutactured by using vapor di rrusion technique Earlier we have reported on the possibility or ion exchange dirrusion doping (IEDD) or ii-ji sinçle cr3stals -ZnS ZnS, CdS and Cde -by divalent ions (Cd , Hg , Cu , Pb2, Co 136 ISPIE Vol. 1932 Guided-Wave Optics 0-8194-1 168-X/93/$4.00 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/25/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx coupling technique 3. RESULTS_D_THEIRDISCUSSI0T 3. 1Ion_exchange eQuilibrium SPIE Vol. 1932 Guided-Wave Optics / 137 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/25/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx

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Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

New Method of Double-Crystal X-Ray Diffractrometric Determination of the Strained State in Surface-Layer Structures

New Method of Double-Crystal X-Ray Diffractrometric Determination of the Strained State in Surface-Layer Structures

Design methodology of annealed H+ waveguides in ferroelectric LiNbO3

<title>Ion exchange for optical waveguides in ZnSe crystals: regularities and specific features</title>

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