Proteomic Biomarkers in Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid That Identify Women Who Are Destined to Develop Preeclampsia

Abstract

Using proteomic technology, this study identified protein biomarkers that are differentially expressed in the early second trimester AF from women who subsequently develop preeclampsia compared with women who remained normotensive. Early identification of women at risk of developing preeclampsia will allow clinicians to better optimize maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics for Pre-Eclampsia and Preterm Birth

“…Both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), and its variant, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS), are now standard methods in protein/peptide biomarkers discovery in clinical settings [ 64 ] ( Figure 2 ). SELDI-MS has been applied to acquire proteomic profiles of cerebrospinal fluid [ 65 ], amniotic fluid [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], and urine [ 72 , 73 , 74 ] to determine protein biomarkers for pre-eclampsia and intra-amniotic infection (IAI)—a major cause of preterm birth. Serum proteomic profiles obtained by MALDI-MS have also been used to differentiate pre-eclampsia patient samples from those of healthy controls [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Exploring the impact of maternal nutritional status on the compositional profile of mid-trimester biofluids

“…Within this context, the maternal nutritional state may influence placental efficiency and materno-placento-fetal transfer of nutrients. As it has already been mentioned, there is a scientific trend aiming to unveil early biomarkers of PE based on AF compositional changes before the development of the clinical symptoms (Wang et al, 2010;Oh et al, 2012;Fruscalzo et al, 2015); this body of work would lend insights into the causes of PE, leading to effective prophylactic interventions that could optimize maternal and perinatal outcomes. Under this prism, our observations might be useful for future research towards exploring PE.…”

“…It is characterized by de-novo hypertension and proteinuria after the 20 th week of gestation, and it is a major contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Since the precise etiopathogenesis of PE has not yet been fully elucidated, there is a steady increase in studies sought to identify potential biomarkers for early detection of women destined to develop PE (Sirohiwal et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010;Masoura et al, 2012;Oh et al, 2012;Ura et al, 2014;Fruscalzo et al, 2015). Most of the scientific publications (Sirohiwal et al, 2009;Masoura et al, 2012;Ura et al, 2014) follow the conventional approach by determining PE biomarkers in maternal blood or urine.…”

“…Most of the scientific publications (Sirohiwal et al, 2009;Masoura et al, 2012;Ura et al, 2014) follow the conventional approach by determining PE biomarkers in maternal blood or urine. However, since PE is considered a syndrome of multifactorial origin, an intriguing possibility gaining ground lately is to investigate patterns of metabolites in AF retrieved for the purposes of genetic analysis (Wang et al, 2010;Oh et al, 2012;Fruscalzo et al, 2015).…”