Protective mechanisms of Cucumis sativus in diabetes-related models of oxidative stress and carbonyl stress

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress and carbonyl stress have essential mediatory roles in the development of diabetes and its related complications through increasing free radicals production and impairing antioxidant defense systems. Different chemical and natural compounds have been suggested for decreasing such disorders associated with diabetes. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the protective effects of Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) fruit (cucumber) in oxidative and carbonyl stress models. These diabetes-related models with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) simulate conditions observed in chronic hyperglycemia. Methods: Cytotoxicity induced by cumene hydroperoxide (oxidative stress model) or glyoxal (carbonyl stress model) were measured and the protective effects of C. sativus were evaluated using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Results: Aqueous extract of C. sativus fruit (40 μg/mL) prevented all cytotoxicity markers in both the oxidative and carbonyl stress models including cell lysis, ROS formation, membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential decline, lysosomal labialization, and proteolysis. The extract also protected hepatocytes from protein carbonylation induced by glyoxal. Our results indicated that C. sativus is able to prevent oxidative stress and carbonyl stress in the isolated hepatocytes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that C. sativus has protective effects in diabetes complications and can be considered a safe and suitable candidate for decreasing the oxidative stress and carbonyl stress that is typically observed in diabetes mellitus.

Mitochondria as a Target for the Cardioprotective Effects of Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Ficus carica L. in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

“…The final extract contained 24 % water. These extracts were dissolved in distilled water at the desired concentrations just before use [17,18]. Total phenolic contents were found to be 43.42 ± 1.18 and 13.57 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of ACO and AFC (mg of GAE/g of plant extract), respectively.…”

Cytoprotective Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) Fruit Extract against Oxidative Stress and Carbonyl Stress

“…Inside the organelle, the formation of hydroxyl radical can disrupt the integrity of lysosomal membranes that results in the release of proteases into the cytosol and the development of proteolysis and cell death [27]. Our results clearly demonstrated that C. moschata efficiently prevented these sub-cellular toxic events of oxidative and carbonyl stress through the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and cellular proteolysis.…”

“…Initially, EC50 2h concentrations of 120 μM and 5 mM were chosen for CHP and glyoxal, respectively based on our previous study [27].…”

“…Lysosomal Membrane Integrity Assay Lysosomal membrane damage was estimated using acridine orange as previously described [27].…”

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“…Cucumber seed oil has cholesterol-lowering effect due to which it can be used in medicine for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The extracts of cucumber leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds are enriched with a broad spectrum of phytonutrients such as β-carotene and α-carotene, zea-xanthin, lutein, vitamins A, C and K, proteins and aminoacids, caffeic acid, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, lignans, triterpenes exhibiting antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, analgesic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and cytotoxic activity [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”