Protective efficacy of 2-PAMCl, atropine and curcumin against dichlorvos induced toxicity in rats

Abstract

The effect of 2- pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (2-PAMCl) and atropine with or without curcumin was investigated in dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; DDVP) induced toxicity in rats. Rats were exposed to DDVP (2 mg/kg sub-cutaneously) once daily for the period of 21 days. Post DDVP exposure, rats were further treated with 2-PAMCl (50 mg/kg intramuscular, once daily) + atropine (10 mg/kg, i.m. once daily) with or without curcumin (200 mg/kg; oral; once daily) for further 21 days. We observed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), while there was a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) activity on DDVP exposure of rats. These alterations were restored significantly by co-administration of 2-PAMCl + atropine in DDVP exposed rats. Curcumin when co-supplemented with 2-PAMCl + atropine also significantly protected serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and restored brain AChE activity and 5-HT level in animals sub-chronically exposed to DDVP. Histopathological observations along with biochemical changes in rat blood and tissues revealed significant protection offered by 2-PAMCl + atropine against DDVP. The results indicate that DDVP-induced toxicity can be significantly protected by co-administration of 2-PAMCl + atropine individually, however, curcumin co-supplementation with 2-PAMCl + atropine provides more pronounced protection, concerning particularly neurological disorders.

Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Although several antidotes are available in the management of OP toxicity, the available options have some limitations with unavoidable side effects [8]. Therefore, the search for new and novel therapeutic drugs for OP poisoning is crucial.…”

Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of <i>Nigella sativa</i> oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity

“…The histopathological alterations reported in this study are suggestive of degeneration and necrosis in the hepatocytes, cellular inflammatory responses leading to a sustained leakage of liver enzymes, and a burst in their level in the serum as seen in this study. The burden of OPs induced hepatotoxicity is not limited to its poisoning, but includes the limitations in the use of the available antidote (13). Nigella sativa used in the present study was observed to meliorate the hepatotoxicity activities of DDVP, by reducing the busted levels of the hepatic function enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) in the rats that are exposed to only NSO and in those with prior exposure to DDVP.…”

“…It's toxicity have been associated with irreversible acetycholineesterase inhibition leading to acetylcholine accumulation, with clinical signs and symptoms well characterized to include lacrimation, salivation, bronchoconstriction, anoxia, and severe cardiac disturbances (12). Although, treatment of OPs poisoning involved routine use of several antidotes including atropine and pralidoxime chloride, they are without unavoidable limitations (13). Therefore, research into finding alternative regimen in the management of OPs poisoning is crucial.…”

Effect of cholinotropic agents to change the content of oxygen triplet forms of liver tissue and the ability of the liver homogenate to produce active oxygen in rat cooling

“…К тому же сочетание фармакологических агентов пилокар-пина, атропина применяли и в изучении феномена «окислительный стресс» [27,28].…”