Histopathological and Biochemical evaluations of the antidotal efficacy of <i>Nigella sativa</i> oil on organophosphate induced hepato-toxicity

Abstract

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the effects of continuous exposure of dichlorvos (DDVP) on hepatic function and hepatic histomorphology, with the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO).Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with each group comprising of six rats. The groups were labelled as Sunflower oil (SFO), DDVP, DDVP+NSO and NSO. After 14 days of treatments, blood samples were collected, centrifuged and levels of ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and GGT (γ-glutamyl-transferase) concentrations were estimated in the serum. The livers were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations and evaluation. Results:The findings of the study shows significant increase in the serum concentration of ALT, ALP, AST and GGT with a marked distortion in the hepatic architecture in rats administered with DDVP. However, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) was observed to ameliorate the levels of impairment in the assessed hepatic function parameters and relatively restoration in the hepatic architecture in DDVP+NSO treated animals when compared to the control and group administered with DDVP only. Conclusion:The study concludes that impaired liver functions and histomorphological tissue distortions observed in the experimental rats following DDVP exposure were ameliorated following the administration of NSO.

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats

“…The rats were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 8) as follows:Group 1 (control)—given normal saline (1 mL/kg orally) daily for 14 daysGroup 2—given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [8,20,21]Group 3—given CPF (14.9 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [9]Group 4—given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) plus CPF (14 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days…”

“…The hippocampus and amygdala are two brain regions that are known to be directly involved in spatial memory and emotional reactions, such as fear. Acute and chronic exposures to either chlorpyrifos (CPF) or dichlorvos (DDVP) have resulted in a wide range of toxicities, including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, hematological toxicity, and immune system toxicity, among others [8,9,20,21,22,23]. Besides cholinesterase inhibition, these substances caused marked disruptions in normal oxidative functions [8,9,20,21,24].…”

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats

“…Group 1 (control)-were given normal saline (1 ml/kg orally) daily for 14 days Group 2-were given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [8,20,21] Group 3-were given CPF (14.9 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [9] Group 4-were given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) plus CPF (14 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days…”

“…Evidently, increased oxidative damages have been implicated in adversely affecting psychological and cognitive related functions through disruptions of normal neurogenesis in the hippocampus and other potential hotspots within the brain [8,9,[17][18][19]. Chronic and subchronic exposures to both CPF and DDVP have resulted in wide range toxicity, including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, haematological toxicity, and immune system toxicity among others [8,9,[20][21][22][23]. Besides cholinesterase inhibition, these substances caused marked disruptions in normal oxidative functions [8,9,20,21,24].…”

“…Chronic and subchronic exposures to both CPF and DDVP have resulted in wide range toxicity, including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, haematological toxicity, and immune system toxicity among others [8,9,[20][21][22][23]. Besides cholinesterase inhibition, these substances caused marked disruptions in normal oxidative functions [8,9,20,21,24]. Thus, in this study, we investigated the neuro-cognitive consequences of uptake of two commonly used OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP) in rats, with possible effects on oxidative stress and proliferative functions in the hippocampus and the amygdala.…”