Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats

“…Group 1 (control)-were given normal saline (1 ml/kg orally) daily for 14 days Group 2-were given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [8,20,21] Group 3-were given CPF (14.9 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days [9] Group 4-were given DDVP (8.8 mg/kg orally) plus CPF (14 mg/kg orally) daily for 14 days…”

“…Evidently, increased oxidative damages have been implicated in adversely affecting psychological and cognitive related functions through disruptions of normal neurogenesis in the hippocampus and other potential hotspots within the brain [8,9,[17][18][19]. Chronic and subchronic exposures to both CPF and DDVP have resulted in wide range toxicity, including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, haematological toxicity, and immune system toxicity among others [8,9,[20][21][22][23]. Besides cholinesterase inhibition, these substances caused marked disruptions in normal oxidative functions [8,9,20,21,24].…”

“…Chronic and subchronic exposures to both CPF and DDVP have resulted in wide range toxicity, including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, haematological toxicity, and immune system toxicity among others [8,9,[20][21][22][23]. Besides cholinesterase inhibition, these substances caused marked disruptions in normal oxidative functions [8,9,20,21,24]. Thus, in this study, we investigated the neuro-cognitive consequences of uptake of two commonly used OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP) in rats, with possible effects on oxidative stress and proliferative functions in the hippocampus and the amygdala.…”

Nigella sativa oil protected the hippocampus against Acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative dysfunctions-driven impaired working memory in rats

“…Dichlorvos (DDVP), one of the effective OPs used throughout the world, in household and agricultural activities for the control of insects and pests, whose primary mechanism of toxicity is an irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, eliciting reproductive toxicity, [6] hematotoxicity, [7] cardiotoxicity, [8] and neurotoxicity [9] in a host of other inevitable damages.…”

“…Nigella sativa oil (NSO) is a highly valued medicinal solvent, used traditionally in the treatment of many diseases. Evidence from animal and human studies has shown that the oil of Nigella sativa exhibits extensive pharmacological properties including antioxidant, [12,13] anti-inflammatory, [14] neuroprotective, [12,13,15] immunomodulatory and antitumor, [7,16] efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases [17] and memory enhancing effects. [18] This study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacies of NSO's antioxidant and neurogenic potentials against DDVP induced hippocampal neurotoxicity.…”