Protective effects of selenium against potassium dichromate-induced hematotoxicity in female and male Wistar albino rats

Abstract

-Objective: Potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) is a potent pollutant for human and animal health. The purpose of the current work is to compare the effect of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 using variations in the dose, route of administration and duration of exposure in male and female Wistar albino rats and to research the interaction of chromium and selenium with a special focus on hematopoiesis. Materials and methods: K 2 Cr 2 O 7 was subcutaneously administered alone (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) or K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (10 mg/kg) in association with selenium (0.3 mg/kg) was administered to female Wistar albino rats. Male rats received in their drinking water K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (30 mg/L/day) alone or in association with Se (0.3 mg/L/day) for 20 consecutive days. The hematological parameters were evaluated on days 3, 6 and 21 after subcutaneous (sc.) treatment in female rats and on days 10 and 20 after oral administration in male rats. Results: K 2 Cr 2 O 7− induced during the first three days a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent decrease in the number of erythrocytes, platelets, leucocytes, lymphocytes and the hematocrit levels, and a dose-dependent increase in the number of granulocytes and monocytes. In the drinking water, chromium sc. significantly decreased the number of leucocytes and lymphocytes on day 10 after treatment and elevated the number of granulocytes and monocytes 20 days later. Selenium sc. counterbalanced the hematotoxic effects of chromium in female rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that the selenium has a protective role against the hematotoxicity of subcutaneous chromium in female Wistar rats.Key words: Chromium, rat, selenium, hematotoxicity Résumé -Objectif : Le dichromate de potassium (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) est un polluant potentiellement néfaste pour la santé humaine et animale. Cette étude a été entreprise afin de rechercher une éventuelle interaction entre le K 2 Cr 2 O 7 et le sélénium (Se) sur l'hématopoïèse chez les rats albinos Wistar mâles et femelles. Matériel et Méthodes : Le K 2 Cr 2 O 7 est administré seul (10, 50 et 100 mg/kg) par voie sous-cutanée (sc) ou en association (10 mg/kg) avec le sélénium (0,3 mg/kg). Les rats mâles reçoivent dans l'eau de boisson le K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (30 mg/L/jour) seul ou en association avec le sélénium (0,3 mg/L/jour) pendant 20 jours consécutifs. Les variations des paramètres hématologiques sont évaluées au 3 e , 6 e et 21 e jour chez les rattes et au 10 e et 20 e jour chez les mâles. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le chrome engendre dès le 3 e jour après son administration par voie sc chez la femelle une diminution notable et dose-dépendante (p < 0,05) du nombre d'érythrocytes, du taux d'hématocrite, du nombre de plaquettes sanguines, de leucocytes, de lymphocytes et une augmentation dose-dépendante du nombre de granulocytes et de monocytes. Le chrome administré par voie orale diminue le nombre de leucocytes et de lymphocytes dès le 10 e jour du traitement et augmente celui des monocytes et des granulocytes 20 jours plus tard. La présence du sélénium ...

Effect of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Chromium on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Male Albino Rat

“…This might due to generalized injury caused to the hematopoietic stem cells by chromium treatment [19]. Similar disruption in hemopoietic mechanisms was observed by Adjroud after potassium dichromate exposure in both male and female rats [20].…”

Chromium Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chicks and its Amelioration with Vitamin E and Bentonite

“…Another possible reason could be that the Cr can cross the red blood cell membrane easily and accumulate in it, thereby leading to DNA protein crosslinking and thus occurrence of anemia. Another reason could be that Cr has ability to bind to beta chain of hemoglobin so no hemoglobin available for heme synthesis leading to anemia (Adjroud, 2010).…”

“…Cr-administration leads to apoptosis of leukocytes leading to leucopenia. Cr when comes in contact with leukocytes causes peroxidation and inhibits trans membrane potential of mitochondria of lymphocytes (Adjroud, 2010).…”

The Influence of Soluble Chemical Compounds of Hexavalent Chromium of Outbreed Male Rats Causes Hemolytic Anemia: Randomized Experimental Research

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] On the first day of exposure, 60-65% Cr VI is absorbed by erythrocytes, to ten days, this connection increases to 80%. 16,17 In erythrocytes the Cr (VI) strongly communicates with the betachain of hemoglobin 18 and blocks in them erythrocytic 6-GPD. 19 The inhibition of this biocatalyst leads to the reduction of ATP in erythrocytes, necessary for functioning of the "sodium pump".…”

“…21 In addition, the absorption of Cr VI by erythrocytes reduces their life expectancy and leads to the development of anemia. 18 The generally accepted point of view, that at the basis of toxico kinetics and toxicodynamics the Cr VI is its absorption of formed elements of the blood [10][11][12][13][14][15] and the development of oxidative stress in cells of organs and tissues, due to the reduction in Cr V, IV, III with occurrence of active oxygen species, which cause damage of cellular proteins, lipids and DNA. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] List of publications, where this viewpoint is a major, can be continued.…”