Effect of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Chromium on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Male Albino Rat

Abstract

Objectives: Exposure to chromium, the transition element found in many compounds of earth's crust, leads to various health hazards including cancer, dermatitis, damage of liver and kidneys, and reproductive toxicity in both male and female. Toxic effect of chronic exposure to chromium at low environmentally relevant dose is recently recognized and less studied. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of subchronic exposure to low doses of chromium VI (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) on various hematological and biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Methods:Male albino rats (160±10 g) received 1/25, 1/50, and 1/100 of reported oral LD 50 dose of chromium VI (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) for 90 consecutive days. After treatment, the blood was collected for analysis of various hematological and biochemical parameters.Results: Exposure to chromium VI at 1/25 LD 50 dose caused decrease in body weight gain and reduction in the weight of the reproductive organs along with increase in the weight of the liver and kidney. Numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin concentration reduced with increase in clotting time. The total sperm count and motility was also reduced in exposed rats. There was a decrease in plasma protein and albumin concentration, with increase in plasma glucose and cholesterol level. The activity of enzyme alanine aminotransferase and enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was stimulated in treated rats. Conclusion:The results of the present study revealed that chronic low-dose exposure to chromium VI resulted in a toxic effect in experimental male albino rats.

Oxidative Effects of Potassium Dichromate on Biochemical, Hematological Characteristics, and Hormonal Levels in Rabbit Doe (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

“…This decrease reflects damage in hepatocytes and indicated the general and systemic toxic effect of heavy metals on rabbit does [36]. Similar results were reported by Saha et al, [31] in rats treated with potassium dichromate. An increase in cholesterol level in this study might be due to less utilization of these nutrients at the tissue level [37].…”

“…This observation could signify that the dose of potassium dichromate administered did not have a pronounced effect on the anatomy of those organs. These results do not agree with Saha et al [31], who recorded a significant reduction in the weight of the reproductive organs along with an increase in the weight of the liver and kidney; and Petrovici et al [32], who noted an increase in ovary weight of rats exposed to potassium dichromate at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw with respect to the control.…”

The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium against Sub-chronic Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium on the Testis of Adult Male Albino Rats

“…While Saha et al (2017) found increase in plasma glucose and cholesterol levels of the exposed rats to Cr (6) and Yousif and Ahmed (2009) attributed that to defect in utilization of these nutrients at tissue level due to toxicity of Cr (6). Chromium (6) increased cholesterol level in cells by upregulating cholesterol-synthesizing enzymes (Guo et al, 2013).…”

Effects of Cadmium and /or Chromium on reproductive organs and semen profiles of male albino rats

“…Semen analysis showed that sub chronic exposure to Cd and Cr resulted in a significant decrease in total sperm count and viability with a significant increase in the percent of sperms with abnormal morphology. Cadmium induced damage to the testicular germinal epithelium, the Leydig cells and the Sertoli cells resulting Mans Vet Med J 20:3 (2019) [14][15][16][17][18] in testicular and cellular damage which adversely affected sperm characters [7,26]. Exposure to Cd disrupted the tight junctions between Sertoli cells and altered germ cell adhesion with consequent exfoliation of immature cells into the lumen of seminiferous tubules, leading to a decrease in viable sperm count [37].…”