Chromium Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chicks and its Amelioration with Vitamin E and Bentonite

Abstract

This experiment utilized 140 one-day-old broiler chickens. Group 1 served as control. Birds of groups 2, 5, 6 and 7 were administered chromium (Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7; Cr 6+ ) @ 270 mg/kg through the feed. Groups 3, 5 and 7 received vitamin E (150 mg/kg) and groups 4, 6 and 7 received bentonite (5% of feed), respectively. Cr-treated birds were dull and depressed and gained significantly less body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). All the birds treated with Cr (group 2) showed a significant decrease in hematological parameters at day 21 and 42. Biochemical parameters i.e. total protein, albumin and globulin were decreased while ALT, AST, urea and creatinie were increased at day 21 and 42. Birds treated with Cr (group 2) showed a significant decrease in total antioxidant activity and catalase, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status levels were increased at days 21 and 42. Co-administration of bentonite along with Cr resulted in partial amelioration (group 6) as compared to groups 5 and 7 administered chromium + vitamin E and chromium + vitamin E + bentonite, respectively. Highest concentration of Cr was determined in Cr treated birds (group 2) followed by groups 2, 6, 5 and 7 at 21 and 42 experimental days. It was concluded that Cr leads to oxidative stress in broilers. Vitamin E and bentonite partially ameliorated Cr toxicity. The combination of vitamin E and bentonite is promising in combating Cr toxicity effects.

Mitigating the Growth, Biochemical Changes, Genotoxic and Pathological Effects of Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens by Supplementing Vitamins C and E

“…Better results were evident with vitamin supplementation than each alone because some liver biomarkers were returned near the average control values. These results were in synchronization with those attained by [ 71 ], Abou-Kassem et al [ 72 ], Mashkoor et al [ 73 ], and Hashem et al [ 20 ]. The hepatoprotective influence of vitamin C or E is associated with their antioxidant properties [ 74 ].…”

Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents

“…Arsenic, chromium, vitamin E, and bentonite medications began on the 3rd day and remained until 42 days. Potassium dichromate ( 17 ), arsenic trioxide ( 18 ), and vitamin E ( 17 ) were used @ 270, 50, and 150 mg.kg −1 BW, respectively. All the treatments were administered daily in the feed.…”

“…Group 1 served as control. We used 5 % bentonite in the feed ( 17 ). Groups 2 and 3 were given chromium and arsenic, respectively.…”

“…Among the natural adsorbents available, bentonite is the most widely used clay to eliminate heavy metals from the body. It is used in many ways in broiler feed, such as a binding agent of bacteria/viruses and the pelleting process ( 17 ). There are rare studies showing bentonite as an ameliorating agent in arsenic plus chromium intoxicated broiler chicks singly or amalgamation with vitamin E. Thus, this study was planned to know the arsenic plus chromium rendered oxidative stress and further amelioration with bentonite and vitamin E. This study shows how the co-administration of bentonite and vitamin E affects broiler health.…”

Effect of Brassinosteroid and Selenium on Uptake and Accumulation of Chromium in Yellow Flag (Iris pseudacorus)

“…Soil and water contamination by chromium (Cr) received widespread attention due to its abundance and toxicity (Gao and Xia, 2011;Mashkoor et al, 2016;Ballesteros et al, 2017). Cr mainly consists of two valence states: Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the environment (Rai et al, 1989).…”