Protective effects of rutin against potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Abstract

BackgroundRutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, was investigated for its protective effects against the KBrO3 induced renal injuries in rat.MethodsGroup I was control (untreated), group II was given saline 0.5 ml/kg bw (0.9% NaCl), group III was administered KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) intragastric twice a week for four weeks. Rutin was administered to group VI (50 mg/kg bw) and Group V (70 mg/kg bw) along with KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) while group VI was given rutin (70 mg/kg bw) alone twice a week for four weeks. Protective effects of rutin on KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were determined for biochemical parameter of urine, and serum, various antioxidant enzymes, DNA and histopathological damages in kidneys.ResultsThe level of urinary red blood cells, leucocytes count, specific gravity, urea, creatinine and urobilinogen was increased (P<0.01) whereas creatinine clearance was reduced. Serum level of protein, albumin, globulin, nitrite, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly increased (P<0.01) by KBrO3. Marked histopathological lesions, elevated DNA fragmentation and AgNORs count in renal tissues was determined. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione contents were decreased (P<0.01) while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased (P<0.01) with KBrO3 treatment in kidneys. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was found positive in the KBrO3 treated kidneys. Treatment with rutin effectively ameliorated the alterations in the studied parameters of rat. Rutin administration alone to rats did not exhibit any significant change in any of the parameters studied.ConclusionThese results suggest that rutin works as an antioxidant in vivo by scavenging reactive oxygen species and this serves to prevent oxidative renal damage in rat treated with KBrO3.

Effect of Potassium Bromate on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rat and A Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study

“…Destruction of the hepatocytes induced by KBrO 3 caused significant ( P < 0.05) rise in AST and ALT in Group III which was supported by the histological alterations that appeared. This agrees with the earlier studies which reported increase in ALT and AST in rats administered with 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of KBrO 3 (Khan et al, ; Dimkpa et al, ). Conversely, the significant reduction in enzyme activities of rats treated with vitamin C suggests its capability to improve the deleterious effects of KBrO 3 .…”

Rutin inhibits amylin-induced neurocytotoxicity and oxidative stress

“…The kinetics of amylin fibril growth can be monitored by the specific binding of fluorescent molecule Thioflavin T (ThT) to amylin aggregates 47,48 . Consistent with the ThT fluorescence results, 10 µM amylin alone formed and accumulated cause metabolic dysfunction, ultimately leading to cell death 52 . Co-incubation with rutin significantly reduced the intensity of amylin fibril fluorescence, more than 50% and 95% fibril formation was inhibited by 100 and 300 µM of rutin, respectively (Fig.…”

“…Hence, GSH/GSSG ratio is an ideal indicator for oxidative stress level 43,44 . It reduces hydrogen peroxides and hydroperoxides by redox and detoxification reactions as well as protects protein thiol groups from oxidation.…”

Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extracts of organic and conventional grapevineVitis labruscacv. Isabella leaves in V79 cells

“…Khan et al (2012a) found that treatment with rutin, one of the polyphenols presented in grapevine extracts, restored DNA fragmentation and 8-oxo-dG damage, as well as decreasing the p53 and CYP 2E1 expression induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in rats. Further, the flavonoid rutin (1) decreased levels of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA), (2) lowered activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), (3) attenuated mitochondrial damage, (4) increased glutathione (GSH)/GSSG ratio, (5) enhanced activities of SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (Khan et al, 2012a(Khan et al, , 2012bWang (6) modulated production of proinflammatory cytokines by decreasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β generation (Wang et al, 2012). This study showed the antimutagenic activity of V. labrusca cv.…”