Effect of Potassium Bromate on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rat and A Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study

Abstract

Potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) is a food additive which is used primarily as a maturing agent for flour. It is proved as a toxic agent with significant reduction in the activities of antioxidant capacity. The therapeutic efficacy of vitamin C as antioxidant may provide a possible solution to KBrO 3 mediated oxidative damage. Twenty four adult male albino rats were used to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C against KBrO 3 induced hepatotoxicity and divided into four groups; Group 1 (control), Group 2: received 30 mg/Kg/day vitamin C orally for 4 weeks, Group 3: received 20 mg/Kg/dose KBrO 3 orally twice weekly for 4 weeks and Group 4: received both KBrO 3 and vitamin C. Liver specimens were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopes and stained immunohistochemically to detect glial fibriller acidic protein (GFAP). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all dissected tissues were determined. KBrO 3 induced histological alterations in the form of degeneration, cellular infiltration and significant increase in collagen deposition in portal tracts with a significant increase in immunoexpression of GFAP. Significant rise in serum levels of AST, ALT, and MDA in liver tissues were recorded. However, levels of GSH and SOD were significantly decreased. Most of these changes were improved by vitamin C treatment. In conclusion, vitamin C ameliorates the histological and biochemical alterations of the liver induced by KBrO 3 .

Carcinogenic effect of potassium bromate on tongue of adult male albino rats

“…Our result is also supported by Bayomy, Soliman, & Abdelaziz (2016) who found that collagen fibers increased in the portal area of the liver of rats treated with KBrO 3 (20 mg/kg; aqueous) intragastric twice a week for 4 weeks. Authors suggested that this might be due to the damage and dysfunction of mitochondria caused by the reactive oxygen species with lipid peroxidation products leading to cell apoptosis and necrosis and stimulation of a cascade resulting in fibrosis and collagen deposition.…”

The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B2 on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

“…The results also show hepatotoxicity of PB prominently by elevating oxidative stress and affecting the essential macromolecules as well as distortion of structural components of the target cells. The current findings are in accord with the previous work published by Bayomy et al [16].…”

“…They were homed in specially designed commercial plastic animal cages with a controlled condition (22 ± 3°C; 72-77% relative humidity; 12 h day/night cycle) in the Departmental Animal House (Department of Zoology, KSU, Riyadh) on rat pellet diet and fresh tap water ad libitum. The rodents were divided randomly into the five groups: group I (vehicle control treated with saline), group II (potassium bromate at 150 mg/kg body weight as a single dose; [16]), group III (vitamin B 2 at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight twice a week for a month), group IV (a single dose of potassium bromate at 150 mg/kg body weight followed by vitamin B 2 at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight twice a week for a month), and group V (a single dose of potassium bromate at 150 mg/kg body weight followed by vitamin B 2 at the dose of 4 mg/kg body weight twice a week for a month). All the test chemicals were administered intraperitoneally in the present work.…”

“…Also, they affect the biological activity of macromolecules (proteins, enzymes, lipids, and carbohydrate) that consequently leads to extensive tissue damage and cellular dysfunction [34,35]. Many studies entail that PB hence causes extensive necrosis and apoptosis as consequences of a high dose or after accumulation for an extended duration in the biological system [16]. In addition, the biotransformed versions of PB generate hyperactive metabolites (bromate and bromide radicals) that are very invasive to cellular macromolecules and structure [36,37].…”

Histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study of experimentally induced fatty liver in adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of pomegranate

“…Further, many researchers had been reported the activation of HSC may be closely related to the role of ROS and oxidative stress in stimulating the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules. [ 46 ]…”