Rutin inhibits amylin-induced neurocytotoxicity and oxidative stress

Abstract

Recent evidence showed that amylin deposition is not only found in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, but also in other peripheral organs, such as kidneys, heart and brain. Circulating amylin oligomers that cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain may be an important contributor to diabetic cerebral injury and neurodegeneration. Moreover, increasing epidemiological studies indicate that there is a significant association between T2DM and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amylin and β-amyloid (Aβ) may share common pathophysiology and show strikingly similar neurotoxicity profiles in the brain. To explore the potential effects of rutin on AD, we here investigated the effect of rutin on amylin aggregation by thioflavin T dyeing, evaluated the effect of rutin on amylin-induced neurocytotoxicity by the MTT assay, and assessed oxidative stress, as well as the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in neuronal cells. Our results showed that the flavonoid antioxidant rutin inhibited amylin-induced neurocytotoxicity, decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, attenuated mitochondrial damage and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio. These protective effects of rutin may have resulted from its ability to inhibit amylin aggregation, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. These in vitro results indicate that rutin is a promising natural product for protecting neuronal cells from amylin-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress, and rutin administration could be a feasible therapeutic strategy for preventing AD development and protecting the aging brain or slowing neurodegenerative processes.

Lyophilized aqueous extracts of Mori Fructus and Mori Ramulus protect Mesenchymal stem cells from •OH–treated damage: bioassay and antioxidant mechanism

“…However, the tested concentrations of morin were much lower than those of LAMF or LAMR. The other phytophenols, such as chlorogenic acid, maclurin, rutin, isoquercitrin and luteolin, have been reported to protect cells similarly from oxidative damage by our and other laboratories [15, 18, 21–23]. This suggests that phytophenols can be considered as bioactive compounds for the protective effects of LAMF and LAMR, especially morin and maclurin, which can be considered as bioactive and marker compounds.…”

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease: A Mini Review

“…Turgut et al [52] proposed oxidative stress reduction as a major mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of Capparis spinosa L. in D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment. Yu et al [53] demonstrated the neuroprotective role of rutin against amylin-induced neurocytotoxicity in neuronal cells and concluded that the antioxidant property of rutin might have played a role in the protection of neuronal cells. Mairuae et al [54] showed the in vitro neuroprotective effect of okra in SH-SY5Y cells and suggested that the antioxidant effect of okra was responsible for the protective role.…”

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties as Well as the Phenolic Content of the Extract from Hancornia speciosa Gomes

“…Among the main chemical compounds responsible for the antioxidant activities of medicinal plants, phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the most prominent because of their roles against oxidative stress [20,21]. …”