Protective Effect of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid against Aggravation of Renal Injury Caused by High Salt Intake in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Abstract

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters. Several studies have suggested that GABA supplements can reduce blood pressure and modulate the renal immune system in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effect of GABA-enriched salt as an alternative to traditional salt on aggravated renal injury by high salt intake in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice. High salt intake accelerated the increase of biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels for renal injury in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice. However, oral administration of GABA-contained salt notably suppressed serum BUN and creatinine levels. The efficacy of GABA salt was superior to lacto GABA salt and postbiotics GABA salt. Furthermore, GABA-enriched salt markedly restored histological symptoms of nephrotoxicity including renal hypertrophy, tubular dilation, hemorrhage, and collagen deposition aggravated by salt over-loading in cisplatin-exposed mice. Among them, GABA salt showed a higher protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal histological changes than lacto GABA salt and postbiotics GABA salt. In addition, administration of high salt significantly enhanced expression levels of apoptosis and inflammatory mediators in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice, while GABA-enriched salt greatly down-regulated the expression of these mediators. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective effect of GABA against damage caused by high salt intake in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Its mechanism may be due to the suppression of hematological and biochemical toxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation. In conclusion, although the protective efficacy of GABA salt on renal injury is different depending on the sterilization and filtration process after fermentation with L. brevis BJ20 and L. plantarum BJ21, our findings suggest that GABA-enriched salt has a beneficial effect against immoderate high salt intake-mediated kidney injury in patients with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Postbiotics and Kidney Disease

“…The sodium chloride content of the parent seawater salt was not reported. The results are not very clearly expressed, but it appears that salt administration increased the severity of cisplatin-induced AKI as assessed by serum creatinine and urea, histological injury and expression of inflammatory mediators, while the different GABA-salt was protective, the results for lacto-GABA-salt and postbiotic-GABA-salt being unclear [90].…”

“…Postbiotics have been studied in preclinical, but not in clinical AKI. In preclinical studies, AKI was induced by cisplatin administration to mice and the severity of injury was magnified by the oral administration of salt from 1 h prior to cisplatin up to 48 h post induction of AKI, with a 72 h readout [90]. GABA-salt was prepared as for the hypertension studies [87] with slight modifications involving further fermentation of Lactobacillus.…”

The ameliorating effect of limosilactobacillus fermentum and its supernatant postbiotic on cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease in an animal model

“…Recent research suggests that postbiotics plays a significant role in preserving and improving kidney health in preclinical studies. Lee et al showed a beneficial effect of lacto-GABA-salt and postbiotics-GABA-salt (obtained from the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum BJ21 ) against cisplatin-induced renal histological changes [ 64 ]. Unfortunately, they do not provide details on the compounds obtained or the postbiotic composition.…”