Protection of Today's and Future Low Voltage Grids with high DG Penetration: Laboratory and Simulative Analysis of Blinding of Protection with Inverters

Glinka, Felix; Bertram, Reinhold; Wippenbeck, Tilman; Erlinghagen, Philipp; Schnettler, Armin

doi:10.1049/cp.2016.0020

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The test feeder has been modeled based on actual data (concerning external grid, distribution transformer, distribution line, protection means etc.) of European LV distribution systems, which have been received from the Hellenic Distribution Network Operator S.A. (HEDNO S.A.) and [30]. A 50-kW PV-unit is assumed to be connected to the endpoint of the feeder.…”

Section: Test-system Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these issues, advanced protection concepts have been proposed over the last years, which mainly concern MV distribution systems and reconsider conventional-overcurrent-relay-based protection schemes. These concepts are protective-relay-based and mainly apply directional overcurrent protection [19][20][21], distance protection [22,23], differential protection [24][25][26], or other alternative techniques [27][28][29].In LV distribution systems, similar protection issues are encountered when DGs are present [30]. Another challenge comes from the non-settable nature of the fuses that are typically installed as protection means in LV distribution networks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In LV distribution systems, similar protection issues are encountered when DGs are present [30]. Another challenge comes from the non-settable nature of the fuses that are typically installed as protection means in LV distribution networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

Tsimtsios

Voglitsis²,

Perpinias³

et al. 2019

Energies

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The upcoming adoption of low-voltage-ride-through requirements in low-voltage distribution systems is expected to raise significant challenges in the operation of grid-tied inverters. Typically, these inverters interconnect photovoltaic units, which are the predominant distributed energy resource in low-voltage distribution networks, under an umbrella of standards and protection schemes. As such, a challenging issue that should be considered in low-voltage distribution network applications, regards the coordination between the line protection scheme (typically consisting of a non-settable fuse) and the low-voltage-ride-through operation of photovoltaic generators. During a fault, the fuse protecting a low-voltage feeder may melt, letting the generator to continue its ride-through operation. Considering that the efficacy/speed of the anti-islanding detection is affected by ride-through requirements, this situation can lead to protracted energization of the isolated feeder after fuse melting (unintentional islanding). To address this issue, this paper proposes a fault-current-limitation based solution, which does not require any modification in the existing protection scheme. The operation principles, design, and implementation of this solution are presented, while, its effectiveness is supported by extensive simulations in a test-case low-voltage distribution system. A discussion on the presented results concludes the paper.2 of 20 under consideration [1,3]. LV distribution networks are expected to be dominated by inverter-interfaced DG-units (IIDGs), principally photovoltaic ones [1,4]. To this end, several inverter-design concepts have been proposed, aiming at the compliance of LV-IIDGs with LVRT requirements [5][6][7].Since LVRT requirements keep DG-units connected to the network during faults, they contradict the requirement for a quick anti-islanding detection. Indeed, despite the fact that several efficient passive [8], active [9][10][11][12], or other hybrid methods [13] have been proposed over the last years for fast anti-islanding detection, their cooperation with LVRT operation remains a challenging issue under research, especially under high DG-penetration conditions. The authors of [14] attempted to clarify this contradiction, by allowing a PV-unit to trip without complying with LVRT, if passive anti-islanding detection asserts. This approach is also recommended within IEEE 1547-2018 [2]. Although the anti-islanding detection is decoupled by LVRT operation in those cases, the adoption of LVRT requirements can affect its efficacy/speed. For example, LVRT affects any anti-islanding method that is based on the magnitude of grid-tied voltage. Compromising the anti-islanding detection is an issue of concern to DSOs and power system engineers [15,16]. This problem is further intensified when frequency disturbance ride through requirements are also adopted (e.g., low/high-frequency ride-through, rate-of-change-of-frequency ride-through, and voltage-phase-angle-changes ride-through [2]). Within this context, i...

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Section: Test-system Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

Tsimtsios

Voglitsis²,

Perpinias³

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…DG units situated within the protective zone of a protective device can reduce the fault current experienced by the fuse (‘ Blinding ’) when a fault occurs within this very protective zone [2]. This reduction is determined by the IIDG control scheme and its pre‐fault operating point.…”

Section: Fault Properties and Influencing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection assessment in electrical distribution grids based on state estimation

Offergeld

Cramer

Glinka

et al. 2018

J. eng.

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“…To investigate the actual behaviour of commercially available PV inverters, measurements have been conducted in the testing centre of the Institute for High Voltage Engineering of the RWTH Aachen. The behaviour of four inverters of different manufactures with powers between 9 and 30 kWp is analysed regarding their active and reactive currents injection during different symmetric and asymmetric grid faults [8]. The results show various diverse behaviour regarding the infeed during dynamic grid support.…”

Section: Measured Dg Behavior During Dynamic Grid Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practise-oriented consideration of the dynamic fast fault current of power park modules in grid protection analysis

Jäkel

Vennegeerts

Moser

et al. 2017

CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal

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Protection design in distribution grids is usually undertaken by simple to handle practice-oriented steady-state calculation methods. For the calculation of the minimal short-circuit current models and methods are described in IEC 60909. In the revised version from 2016 constant current sources for modelling of reactive current infeed of converterbased generators due to mandatory grid support in Germany are considered, though the infeed is voltage dependent. Moreover, the dynamic settling process of the reactive current infeed can affect the functionality of the protection, which is not taken into account in steady-state calculations. This study outlines a possibility to estimate the influence of these new dynamic effects on grid protection behaviour in steady-state calculation methods. Different types of decentralised generation (DG) units as well as other influences, e.g. grid topologies, distribution of DG or protection concepts are taken into account. The authors will show that suitable steady-state calculations are sufficient for practical protection analysis. The risk of undesirable reactions of the grid protection can be minimised by the use of the derived general recommendations.

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Protection of Today's and Future Low Voltage Grids with high DG Penetration: Laboratory and Simulative Analysis of Blinding of Protection with Inverters

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

Protection assessment in electrical distribution grids based on state estimation

Practise-oriented consideration of the dynamic fast fault current of power park modules in grid protection analysis

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