Protection of Proteins from Oxidative Stress: A New Illusion or a Novel Strategy?

Abstract

Proteins damaged by oxidative stress have the most dangerous consequences. Oxidized protein derivatives inveigle lipids and carbohydrates into metabolic transformations that result in loss of protein functions and accumulation of glycated proteins and advanced glycated end products, which are difficult to remove from living tissues. Hydrophobic antioxidants are not very effective in protecting proteins from oxidative modification. At the same time, the natural hydrophilic antioxidant and anti-glycating agent carnosine efficiently prevents oxidative modification of proteins and increases the life span of experimental animals under unfavorable conditions. It can be considered a potent natural geroprotector.

Zinc carnosine works with bovine colostrum in truncating heavy exercise–induced increase in gut permeability in healthy volunteers

“…nutrition.org. 8 These authors contributed equally to this work. *To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Association between oxidative stress and nutritional status in the elderly

“…This aggression generates irreversible carbonylation, resulting in dysfunction of molecules, cells, tissues and organs. 27 These products have been identified in patients with Alzheimer's disease (MDA, 4-hydroxynonenal, methylglyoxal and isoketal) 28 and Parkinson's disease (MDA, 4-hydroxynonenal and methylglyoxal) 29 and patients with atherosclerosis (isoketal) 30 . The nitration of protein is measured by peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidant that may damage protein and DNA in addition to lipids.…”

“…A trial known as the Rotterdam Study evaluated how 4 years of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins had a protective effect against myocardial infarction, but it did not find evidence of protection with vita-Aminoguanidine is a powerful inhibitor of the final byproducts of advanced glycoxidation, preventing the formation of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. 29 Recently, aminoguanidine was studied in physiological aging. After 3 months of supplementation with aminoguanidine, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of serum, aorta and heart Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine, improving the accumulation of proteins connected to Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine and proteins connected to 4-hydroxynonenal in the serum of 344 elderly Fisher rats.…”

Modern Pharmacological Approaches to Therapies: Substances Tested in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…The antioxidant capacity of this compound is well documented, as well as its pH buffering, osmoregulating, and metalchelating abilities (Boldyrev, 1990). A potentially useful characteristic of CARN is its ability to act as an anti-glycating agent (Boldyrev, 2002;Boldyrev, 2005;Hipkiss et al, 1998;Hipkiss & Brownson, 2000), to quench superoxide anion and hydroxide radical (Pavlov, et al 1993;Rubtsov et al, 1991) and to neutralize 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) and other toxic aldehydes (Aldini et al, 2002, Liu et al, 2003. In order to study the efficiency of carnosine as geroprotector, senescence accelerated mice (SAM), which have increased levels of ROS and deficiency of antioxidant capacity, was used (Boldyrev et al, 2001;Yuneva et al, 2002).…”