Zinc carnosine works with bovine colostrum in truncating heavy exercise–induced increase in gut permeability in healthy volunteers

Abstract

ZnC, taken alone or with colostrum, increased epithelial resistance and the TJ structure and may have value for athletes and in the prevention of heat stroke in military personnel. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN51159138.

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and gut permeability responses to exercise

“…In a similar manner to previously reported findings (Davison et al 2016; Marchbank et al 2011), we observed an increase in intestinal permeability (as measured by urinary L/R ), following strenuous exercise which was blunted by 14 days of oral Col supplementation (acting as a positive control). The main findings of this study are (1) the exercise-induced change in urinary L/R was paralleled by an increase in plasma I-FABP, (2) the exercise-induced increases in urinary L/R and plasma I-FABP were both blunted by 14 days of oral Col supplementation.…”

“…The use of urinary L/R as a method of assessing intestinal permeability following exercise has previously been shown in this exercise model (Davison et al 2016; Marchbank et al 2011). The use of the same mixture of L/R (which also includes mannitol to maintain consistency and osmolality) through a series of studies (Davison et al 2016; Mahmood et al 2007; Marchbank et al 2008, 2011; Playford et al 2001) allows reliable comparisons of the effects of exercise on intestinal barrier permeability to be made.…”

“…Although intestinal hypoperfusion/ischaemia, intestinal cellular injury/damage and permeability changes are rare in young healthy individuals they can occur in physiological stress situations such as strenuous exercise (ter Steege et al 2012; van Wijck et al 2011). Intestinal hypoperfusion, ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) and increases in core temperature during (or shortly after) strenuous exercise are primary pathways contributing to intestinal injury and changes in permeability (Davison et al 2016; Marchbank et al 2011; Pals et al 1997; ter Steege et al 2012; van Wijck et al 2011, 2012a; Zuhl et al 2014). …”

“…In a subsequent study (van Wijck et al 2012b), the same group reported a significant increase in plasma I-FABP which was also paralleled with an increase in urinary L/R (5 h) although no direct statistical comparison was made between the increase in permeability following exercise and baseline (van Wijck et al 2012b). Therefore, it is warranted to investigate whether increases in plasma I-FABP (a marker of intestinal cellular damage) are mirrored by subsequent changes in permeability (measured by urinary L/R ) using a consistent, validated and reliable method of measurement (Davison et al 2016; Mahmood et al 2007; Marchbank et al 2008, 2011; Playford et al 2001) and an exercise protocol that is known to increase intestinal permeability (20 min of treadmill running at 80% O 2peak ) (Davison et al 2016; Marchbank et al 2011). …”

“…Fourteen days of oral supplementation with bovine colostrum (Col) has previously been shown to blunt exercise (and other stressor)-induced increases in intestinal permeability (Davison et al 2016; Marchbank et al 2011; Playford et al 2001), hence can serve as a positive control.…”