Protection Against Pursuit: A Conceptual and Empirical Comparison of Cyberstalking and Stalking Victimization Among a National Sample

Nobles, Matt R.; Reyns, Bradford W.; Fox, Kathleen A.; Fisher, Bonnie S.

doi:10.1080/07418825.2012.723030

Cited by 119 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…To be classified as a stalking victim, respondents had to report experiencing two or more stalking behaviors as there was not a measure of ''repeated'' behaviors in the survey instrument. These items are commonly used in the current stalking victimization literature [see Fox et al (2016); Nobles et al (2014)] and provide a widely accepted basis for estimating stalking victimization in the sample.…”

Section: Victimization Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent German study of social networking platforms reported that almost half of users experienced online harassment, resulting in approximately half of these cases escalating to cyberstalking, with females being significantly more likely to be victims (Dreßing et al 2014). In many instances, cyberstalking behaviors occur concurrently with traditional offline stalking behaviors (Dreßing et al 2014;Nobles et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online

Fansher

Randa

2019

Violence and Gender

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This work uses original survey research to explore the nature of risky behaviors and exposure to potential offenders using social media as a means to initiate personal relationships. During fall 2016, instructors at a large university were recruited to conduct paper and pencil classroom surveys, resulting in a sample of 1310 undergraduate students. Their results first suggest that nearly all sampled students use social media and that half of college students use social media to meet new people. Alarmingly, *1 in 10 students disclosed personal information about themselves within 24 h of making initial contact with someone online. Furthermore, 1 in 20 young people chose to meet in person within 24 h of first contact. Among the survey respondents over 10% reported being a victim of stalking, cyberstalking, or sexual victimization resulting from a perpetrator they initially met on social media. The authors discuss these findings through a lifestyle-routine activity theory lens and explore the implications for understanding victimization risk.

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Section: Victimization Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online

Fansher

Randa

2019

Violence and Gender

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Using data from the 2006 NCVS to compare traditional stalking and cyberstalking victims, Nobles, Reyns, Fox, and Fisher (2014) reported that individuals stalked via electronic means employed more self-protective behaviors, such as changing usual activities and changing email addresses, in comparison with traditional stalking victims. The authors offered an explanation for their findings couched in the dynamics of online interaction as they suggested that communication via electronic means is just as personal as, or more personal than, face-to-face communication and therefore cyberstalking may elicit a personal violation, which consequently elicits more diverse self-protective behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Victims’ Voices: Understanding the Emotional Impact of Cyberstalking and Individuals’ Coping Responses

et al. 2017

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Traditional stalking is a considerable public health issue and describes a constellation of behaviors in which one individual intrudes upon or harasses another resulting in fear experienced by the victim as a result of the unwanted pursuit (McEwan, MacKenzie, Mullen, & James, 2012). Ubiquitous access to the Internet has dramatically altered communication in contemporary society, and these electronic means provide perpetrators with novel ways of pursuing individuals. In light of this, a phenomenon known as cyberstalking has emerged that can be defined as the repeated pursuit of an individual utilizing electronic means to induce fear or distress (Maple, Short, & Brown, 2011). As the Internet is a rapidly evolving medium, many new forms of cyberstalking are emerging and provide additional tools for stalkers' arsenal. Cyberstalking can take many forms including sending direct threats via email, encouraging others to threaten or harass the victim, distributing intimate photographs online, impersonating the victim online, and seeking and compiling information on the victim (Short, Linford, Wheatcroft, & Maple, 2014). Social networking sites provide a novel way to gather information about an individual and, as such sites facilitate intrusion-like behaviors, they are being used as conduits for stalking and online harassment (Fox, 2016). Indeed, according to Kraft and Wang (2010), social media has made stalking much easier and visiting social networking sites can lead to an increased likelihood of becoming a victim of cyberstalking. However, in many cases, the perpetrator makes use of both online and offline stalking techniques (Maple et al., 2011;Sheridan & Grant, 2007) and other researchers have also reported that it is common for cyberstalking to begin with the issuing of threats, and escalate to physical assault (Bocij, Griffiths, & McFarlane, 2002).Stalking is one of the most common forms of interpersonal violence. Figures from the British Crime Survey 2011 demonstrate that one in five women and one in 10 men will be stalked at some point during their life (Smith, Coleman, Eder, & Hall, 2011) and more recent figures from the 2013/2014 Crime Survey for England and Wales demonstrate that 4.4% of women and 2.5% of men aged 16 710292S GOXXX10.

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“…Yet, important questions remain surrounding this relatively new form of victimization. As is the case with other related forms of cybercrime victimization, such as cyberstalking or online harassment, it is not clear whether cyberbullying is a unique behavior, separate and distinct from its physical counterpart or simply an extension of traditional bullying carried out in cyberspace [32].…”

Section: Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Cyberbullying a Stand Alone Construct? Using Quantitative Analysis to Evaluate a 21st Century Social Question

2015

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Using a subsample of the 2009 National Crime Victimization Survey, School Crime Supplement (NCVS-SCS), the present study explores the nature of the relationship between cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization among students aged 12-18. One question of particular interest in the recent cyberbullying literature regards the classification of cyberbullying relative to traditional school yard bullying. As is the case in the cyber victimization literature in general, the question has become whether cyberbullying is an extension of traditional bullying or whether it is a unique independent phenomenon. Using the available data we attempt to address this question by exploring cyberbullying victimization as a standalone construct. Results of exploratory factor analyses suggest that cyberbullying victimization is both interlaced with traditional bullying modalities, and experienced as a unique phenomenon. Our results contribute a 21st century texture and dimension to the traditional construct.

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Protection Against Pursuit: A Conceptual and Empirical Comparison of Cyberstalking and Stalking Victimization Among a National Sample

Cited by 119 publications

References 65 publications

Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online

Risky Social Media Behaviors and the Potential for Victimization: A Descriptive Look at College Students Victimized by Someone Met Online

Victims’ Voices: Understanding the Emotional Impact of Cyberstalking and Individuals’ Coping Responses

Is Cyberbullying a Stand Alone Construct? Using Quantitative Analysis to Evaluate a 21st Century Social Question

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