Protection afforded greenhouse pesticide applicators by coveralls: A field test

Nigg, H. N.; Stamper, J. H.; Easter, Elizabeth P.; DeJonge, J. O.

doi:10.1007/bf00214344

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although the studies vary with regard to the types of chemicals investigated, the PPE tested (gloves, overalls), and the types of exposure measured [cholinesterase activity, skin wipes, organochlorine pesticide (OCP) serum levels], they all indicate that PPE is effective in reducing worker exposure to pesticides ( Fenske et al 1990 ; Gomes et al 1999 ; Hernández-Valero et al 2001 ; Lander et al 1991 ; Ohayo-Mitoko et al 1999 ). Studies in farmers ( Arbuckle et al 2002 ) and applicators ( Fenske et al 2002a ; Nigg et al 1993 ) lend further support to the effectiveness of PPE, although they also indicate variations because of fabrics and clothing design. In general, fabric less capable of penetration and designs that cover the largest amount of skin provide the greatest protection from pesticide exposure for workers.…”

Section: Workplace Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Workplace, Household, and Personal Predictors of Pesticide Exposure for Farmworkers

Quandt

Hernández‐Valero

Grzywacz

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

133

107

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In this article we identify factors potentially associated with pesticide exposure among farmworkers, grade the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature for such associations, and propose a minimum set of measures necessary to understand farmworker risk for pesticide exposure. Data sources we reviewed included Medline, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and AGRI-COLA databases. Data extraction was restricted to those articles that reported primary data collection and analysis published in 1990 or later. We read and summarized evidence for pesticide exposure associations. For data synthesis, articles were graded by type of evidence for association of risk factor with pesticide exposure as follows: 1 = association demonstrated in farmworkers; 2 = association demonstrated in nonfarmworker sample; 3 = plausible association proposed for farmworkers; or 4 = association plausible but not published for farmworkers. Of more than 80 studies we identified, only a third used environmental or biomarker evidence to document farmworker exposure to pesticides. Summaries of articles were compiled by level of evidence and presented in tabular form. A minimum list of data to be collected in farmworker pesticide studies was derived from these evidence tables. Despite ongoing concern about pesticide exposure of farmworkers and their families, relatively few studies have tried to test directly the association of behavioral and environmental factors with pesticide exposure in this population. Future studies should attempt to use similar behavioral, environmental, and psychosocial measures to build a body of evidence with which to better understand the risk factors for pesticide exposure among farmworkers.

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Section: Workplace Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Workplace, Household, and Personal Predictors of Pesticide Exposure for Farmworkers

Quandt

Hernández‐Valero

Grzywacz

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

133

107

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“…that the amount of ethazole breaking through both cloths is similar [20,29,30], Comparison of non-treated against coated coveralls using a fluorescence method indicated that the coating much reduced the amounts penetrating by 1 h of use [27], As is recognised from other, more gen eral statements [17], choice of coverall material therefore…”

Section: Air Levels Of Pesticide During and At The End Of Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Management of Pesticide Exposure in Greenhouses

Illing¹

1997

Indoor Built Environ

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The principles of risk assessment and risk management have been applied to the use of pesticides in greenhouses. Pesticide efficacy and safety require consideration of a number of exposure scenarios, and the optimal management procedure may need to take into account more than one of these. Worker exposure may occur during pesticide spraying and the subsequent handling of plant material. Exclusion and the wearing of personal protective equipment are occupational hygiene practices that are used to control human uptake arising from these exposures. The principal factor affecting exposure levels in air and their decay is the ventilation characteristics of the greenhouse, and is therefore site-specific. As the principal route of exposure of workers is dermal, and rates of penetration of pesticide through protective clothing vary, choice of protective clothing is also important. This paper demonstrates that there is a need for site-specific occupational hygiene advice when undertaking work in greenhouses.

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“…Synthetic disposable coveralls were found to offer more protection to greenhouse applicators, with a penetration rate of 3%, compared to reusable treated twill coveralls (19% penetration) (Nigg et al, 1993). Another study reports that a 3-hour soak in 0.4% solution of liquid chlorine bleach reduces chlorpyrifos residues on overalls to less than 1% (Laughlin, 1993).…”

Section: A Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%