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The exposure of pesticide applicators in a commercial greenhouse facility was assessed. Data were collected from four handgunners who applied fluvalinate (insecticide), chlorpyrifos (insecticide), ethazol (fungicide), and dicofol (miticide). Potential exposure was measured with exposure pads placed outside all clothing of the applicator. Handwashes and air samples were also collected, as were pre- and post-exposure tank mixture samples. Pesticide penetration was measured with exposure pads placed inside protective clothing. When all exposure assessments were normalized for spray rate, it was determined that applicators were at significantly greater potential dermal risk (excluding hands) from fluvalinate. The normalized air samples showed significantly more exposure to the applicator from ethazol. Exposure to outside pads was primarily (84%) to the legs of the applicators. Ethazol penetrated Tyvek coveralls more readily than the other compounds. Tank mixture analyses suggested that the wettable powder formulations were not well-mixed.

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hydroxide form in water. Therefore, the following ion exchange mechanism may also be conceivable: However, this ion exchange mechanism appears to be unfavorable because the capacity of the copolymer for phenol adsorption was scarcely affected by the presence of acid, similarly to the case of adsorption of phenols on activated carbon and contrary to the cases with anion exchange resins (4).Polymeric adsorbents with no ion exchange functional group such as Amberlite XAD resins may adsorb phenol by physical adsorption. However, such a mechanism would not wholly explain the adsorption of phenol by the vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene copolymer, because the copolymer showed a remarkably higher breakthrough capacity than those observed with the nonionic resins, in spite of the fact that the vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene copolymer was in the pulverized form and the XAD resins were in the macroporous form.Further research is required to determine the mechanism of the interaction of phenol with polyvinylpyridine.