Prospects for the study of baryon-rich matter at new facilities

Friese, V.

doi:10.22323/1.347.0186

“…As a consequence, the herein presented equation of state of the SMASH hadron resonance gas is perfectly accurate for high e as well as low n B and n Q . In the 2 The kinematic thresholds for n B and n Q stem from the composition of the gas. In the case of the SMASH hadron resonance gas, the lightest baryon is the (anti-)proton with m p,p = 0.938 GeV and the lightest charged particle is the pion with m π = 0.138 GeV.…”

Section: The Smash Hadron Resonance Gas Equation Of Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly the properties of strongly-interacting matter at finite baryon densities, which are accessible through heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies, have become of interest in recent years to study a postulated first oder phase transition and critical end point in the QCD phase diagram [1]. Dedicated heavyion programs such as the BESII program at BNL, the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN, FAIR at GSI or NICA at JINR have already or will soon provide further experimental data in the designated region of interest [2]. Theoretically, heavy-ion collisions at high energies are successfully described by hydrodynamics+transport models, while for those at low energies a pure transport description constitutes the standard approach [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation laws in a novel hybrid approach

Schäfer¹,

Karpenko²,

Elfner³

2021

Preprint

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Heavy-ion collisions covering a wide range of collision energies provide a vast amount of observables characterizing the properties of strongly-interacting matter. In particular collisions towards the high baryon-density regime of the QCD phase-diagram have become of interest to study the postulated first order phase transition and to locate a possible critical end point. In this work, the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid is presented as a novel hybrid model to theoretically describe such heavy-ion collisions. In addition, the SMASH hadron resonance gas equation of state is introduced. The accuracy of the latter is shown to be of fundamental importance in order to conserve energy, baryon number and electric charge throughout the different stages of the hybrid model. Furthermore, the impact of an inaccurate equation of state on final state observables is discussed. This work constitutes a first validation of the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid in terms of conservation laws and excitation functions. It is expected to be applied to a broader range of observables in the future.

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“…In recent years, heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies have received particular attention in the quest for signatures of the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point [2,3]. In particular the BESII program at BNL [4], the NA61/SHINE experiment at Cern [5] as well as future FAIR [6], NICA [7] and J-PARC-HI [8] facilities have already or will soon provide experimental measurements in this designated region of interest [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 200.0 GeV

Schäfer

¹

,

Karpenko

²

,

Wu

³

et al. 2022

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Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point. While heavy-ion collisions at low and high collision energies are theoretically well described by transport approaches and hydrodynamics+transport hybrid approaches, respectively, intermediate energy collisions remain a challenge. In this work, a modular hybrid approach, the coupling 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics () to hadronic transport (), is introduced. It is validated and subsequently applied in Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ s NN = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ s NN = 200.0 GeV to study the rapidity and transverse mass distributions of identified particles as well as excitation functions for $$\textrm{dN}/\textrm{d}y|_{y = 0}$$ dN / d y | y = 0 and $$\langle p_\textrm{T} \rangle $$ ⟨ p T ⟩ . A good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained, including the baryon stopping dynamics. The transition from a Gaussian rapidity spectrum of protons at lower energies to the double-hump structure at high energies is reproduced. The centrality and energy dependence of charged particle $$v_2$$ v 2 is also described reasonably well. This work serves as a basis for further studies, e.g. systematic investigations of different equations of state or transport coefficients.

show abstract

“…In recent years, heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies have received particular attention in the quest for signatures of the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point [2,3]. In particular the BESII program at BNL [4], the NA61/SHINE experiment at Cern [5] as well as future FAIR [6], NICA [7] and J-PARC-HI [8] facilities have already or will soon provide experimental measurements in this designated region of interest [9]. There is a large variety of models to theoretically describe the underlying dynamics of heavy-ion collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200.0 GeV

Schäfer¹,

Karpenko²,

Wu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point. While heavy-ion collisions at low and high collision energies are theoretically well described by transport approaches and hydrodynamics+transport hybrid approaches, respectively, intermediate energy collisions remain a challenge. In this work, a modular hybrid approach, the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid coupling 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics (vHLLE) to hadronic transport (SMASH), is introduced. It is validated and subsequently applied in Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between √ s NN = 4.3 GeV and √ s NN = 200.0 GeV to study the rapidity and transverse mass distributions of identified particles as well as excitation functions for dN/dy| y=0 and p T . A good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained, including the baryon stopping dynamics. The transition from a Gaussian rapidity spectrum of protons at lower energies to the double-hump structure at high energies is reproduced. The centrality and energy dependence of charged particle v 2 is also described reasonably well. This work serves as a basis for further studies, e.g. systematic investigations of different equations of state or transport coefficients.

show abstract

Prospects for the study of baryon-rich matter at new facilities

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Conservation laws in a novel hybrid approach

Conservation laws in a novel hybrid approach

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 200.0 GeV

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200.0 GeV

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