Prospects for Desalination in the United States—Experiences From California, Florida, and Texas

Ziolkowska, Jadwiga R.; Reyes, Reuben

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803237-4.00017-3

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Another concern for the system operations is the potential brine disposal, which is a crucial environmental issue and, in more concentrated seawater applications, may comprise up to 33% (worst case) of the total cost of the seawater desalination process [73]. In largescale seawater desalination plants, brine is commonly discharged into the sea, with costs ranging from US$ 0.05/m 3 to US$ 0.3/m 3 [74,75], causing significant environmental issues on marine ecosystems [73]. In small-scale brackish water desalination plants, brine can be discharged into the sewer system (if available), with disposal costs between US$ 0.3/m 3 and US$ 0.7/m 3 [74,75].…”

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In largescale seawater desalination plants, brine is commonly discharged into the sea, with costs ranging from US$ 0.05/m 3 to US$ 0.3/m 3 [74,75], causing significant environmental issues on marine ecosystems [73]. In small-scale brackish water desalination plants, brine can be discharged into the sewer system (if available), with disposal costs between US$ 0.3/m 3 and US$ 0.7/m 3 [74,75]. For inland plants, deep-well injection and evaporation ponds are suitable brine disposal choices, with a wide range of costs (US$ 0.5-10/m 3 ) [74,75], respectively.…”

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In small-scale brackish water desalination plants, brine can be discharged into the sewer system (if available), with disposal costs between US$ 0.3/m 3 and US$ 0.7/m 3 [74,75]. For inland plants, deep-well injection and evaporation ponds are suitable brine disposal choices, with a wide range of costs (US$ 0.5-10/m 3 ) [74,75], respectively. Land applications are mainly used for low brackish water brine volumes, as well as the availability of suitable land and groundwater conditions, which cost in the range of US$ 0.7-2/m 3 [74,75].…”

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For inland plants, deep-well injection and evaporation ponds are suitable brine disposal choices, with a wide range of costs (US$ 0.5-10/m 3 ) [74,75], respectively. Land applications are mainly used for low brackish water brine volumes, as well as the availability of suitable land and groundwater conditions, which cost in the range of US$ 0.7-2/m 3 [74,75]. In this work, the relatively low recovery of low-pressure RO or NF membranes assures a low salinity concentrate stream, and the possibilities for using the disinfected waste stream for washing and livestock watering can result in zero concentrate generation, depending on the feedwater quality [58].…”

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

Carvalho

Schäfer

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The potential for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) to overcome long-term (one day) and short-term (a few minutes) solar irradiance fluctuations with high-temporal-resolution (one s) on a photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis membrane (PV-membrane) system was investigated. Experiments were conducted using synthetic brackish water (5-g/L sodium chloride) with varied battery capacities (100, 70, 50, 40, 30 and 20 Ah) to evaluate the effect of decreasing the energy storage capacities. A comparison was made between SCs and batteries to determine system performance on a “partly cloudyday”. With fully charged batteries, clean drinking water was produced at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 4 kWh/m3. The daily water production improved from 663 L to 767 L (16% increase) and average electrical conductivity decreased from 310 µS/cm to 274 μS/cm (12% improvement), compared to the battery-less system. Enhanced water production occurred when the initial battery capacity was >50 Ah. On a “sunny” and “very cloudy” day with fully charged batteries, water production increased by 15% and 80%, while water quality improved by 18% and 21%, respectively. The SCs enabled a 9% increase in water production and 13% improvement in the average SEC on the “partly cloudy day” when compared to the reference system performance (without SCs).

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Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operation Carried Out On the "Partly Cloudy Day" (With And Without Fully Charged Batteries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

Carvalho

Schäfer

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Accordingly, sewer discharge is broadly used by BW desalination plants and is not consistent with SW desalination processes. The cost range of this disposal method is from US$0.32 to US$0.66 based on 1 m 3 of brine rejected [50].…”

Section: Discharge To the Sewage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Treatment and Management of the Desalination Brine Solution

Katal¹,

Shen²,

Jafari³

et al. 2020

Desalination - Challenges and Opportunities

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Due to the increasing limitations of water resources, application of desalination plants is expanding. One of the constraints associated with desalination plant operation is the production of concentrated solution, which is known as brine and can lead to critical challenges in the environment due to its high level of salinity. In this regard, many different disposal options used recently to control and prevent the environmental issues may be caused by the brine. Evaporation ponds, surface water discharge, and deep well injection are considered as the most well-known options to properly dispose concentrated brine. However, the application of these methods is highly restricted by capital cost and their limited uses. The treatment methods vary in terms of their ability in organics removal and can be divided into three different conventional groups as biological, physicochemical, and oxidation. In recent years, more attention has been paid to membrane-based technologies due to their economic performance in recovering precious resources and providing potable water with high recovery rates. This book chapter provides some critical reviews on recent technologies including treatment operations and disposal options to manage concentrated solutions from desalination plants. Finally, electrodialysis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation as emerging membrane processes are examined in this chapter.

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Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Marathe

Singh

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

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Prospects for Desalination in the United States—Experiences From California, Florida, and Texas

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

An Overview on the Treatment and Management of the Desalination Brine Solution

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

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