Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Abstract

Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

Quantum and Experimental Studies on the Adsorption Efficiency of Oyster Shells Based CaO Nanoparticles (CaONPO) Toward the Removal of MethyleneBlue Dye (MBD) from Aqueous Solution

“…Garza and Kearney (2012) reported that methylene blue dye (MBD) in water at concentrations greater than 7 mg/kg can cause methemoglobinemia by direct oxidation while dosages higher than 15 mg/kg can generate hemolysis. Given the established and documented toxicity of MBD and other dyes, technologies for the removal of dyes from industrial effluents have been widely advocated in several approaches including filtration, photocatalysis, gel filtration, dialysis, etc (Marathe et al, 2021;Shahid et al, 2021). One of the most widely investigated and acceptable methods is the adsorption technique, which involves the use of suitable material with unique characteristics (adsorbent) to remove the dye (i.e adsorbate) through physisorption, chemisorption, or both mechanism (Eddy, 2010).…”

Hypersaline Wastewater Produced from Pickled Mustard Tuber (Chinese Zhacai): Current Treatment Status and Prospects

“…In a study from Hunter River in New South Wales, the indiscriminate discharge of saline wastewater from different sources (drainage, coal mines and power plants) to the natural water bodies deteriorated the water quality and aquatic diversity [17]. Due to the surface runoff of saline wastewater, drinking water is affected, resulting in an increase in sodium and sulfates in the freshwater, thus implying community health and socio-economic implications [18].…”

The applications of porous FO membranes and polyelectrolyte draw solution in the high‐salinity organic wastewater treatment with a hybrid forward osmosis‐membrane distillation system

“…With the development of society and industrial progress, high-salinity organic wastewater, which refers to the organic wastewater with salt content higher than 1%, 1 is increasingly discharged from many industrial sectors such as chemical product manufacturing, food-processing industry, leather industry, petroleum industry and dyeing industry. 2 The discharge of high-salinity organic wastewater without treatment will adversely affect the aquatic life, ecosystems and agriculture. 3 Thus, high-salinity organic wastewater treatment has recently become a worldwide environmental concern.…”