Prospective study of a group of pre-university students evaluating anxiety and depression relationships with temporomandibular disorders.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationships between anxiety, depression, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a sample of pre-university students submitted to a stressful event. Study Design: 153 students from a pre-university course (82 females and 71 males between 16 and 31 years old) were given a survey about TMD symptoms and a survey about anxiety and depression scale at the beginning and the end of the preparatory course (August 2009-T1, and November 2009-T2). Results: Results were analyzed using a chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR), significance level of α = 0.05. Statistical significance were found to depression rates in students with TMD (16% on T1 and 26% on T2, p = 0.001) as well as in general sample (12% on T1 and 22% on T2, p = 0.009), anxiety and TMD symptoms presented constant rates in both periods. Increased risk of having TMD were found in participants with anxiety (OR 2.6 in T2 and 5.6 in T1) and depression (2.0 in T2 and 3.3 in T1), but only anxiety reach statistical significance in both periods. Conclusions: TMD symptoms were a fluctuating variable that exchange between some individuals of this study. Independently of the TMD, depression rates significant increased in the evaluated period. Finally, anxiety was the psychological symptom related to the increased risk of having TMD. Key words:Temporomandibular disorders, anxiety, depression, orofacial pain, hospital anxiety and depression scale.

Correlation of Anxiety Levels between Temporomandibular Disorder Patients and Normal Subjects

“…Being a multifactorial disease affecting the stomatognathic system, TMD is influenced by many factors which includes elevated anxiety levels, symptoms of depression and somatization, and psychological stress. These biopsychosocial factors may be involved in predisposition as well as progression of TMD [14]. The present study reveals significant differences in the anxiety levels between the TMD and control subjects.…”

“…Not only adults but children with high levels of anxiety are found to be 18 times more prone to develop TMD than those without anxiety [17]. Elevated anxiety states in an individual may increase the masticatory muscle activity which in turn may cause TMD [14]. Experimentally induced stress is found to increase masseter activation [18] which may predispose the individual to develop TMD.…”

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among a cohort of university undergraduates in Australia

“…The reported prevalence TMD in the present study is comparatively high, amounting to 77.2%. However, the reported prevalence of TMD among university student populations has been in the range of approximately 30%‐55%, with 71% in a single Iranian study …”

“…Considering that TMD primarily affect young adults, and that there is a potential association with psycho‐emotional factors (stress, anxiety, and depression), university students are an important study population. International studies have shown the prevalence of TMD in university student populations to generally range from 30% to 55% . However, no prevalence studies on TMD have been conducted in Australian university student populations.…”

Malocclusion Generates Anxiety-Like Behavior Through a Putative Lateral Habenula–Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Pathway

“…He assumed that muscle fatigue is the most common cause of TMD. A previous report suggested that anxiety is a major risk factor for TMD among university (Casanova-Rosado et al, 2006) and pre-university students (de Lucena et al, 2012). Consistent with these findings, patients with TMD tend to be more anxious and/or depressed than asymptomatic control subjects (Gameiro et al, 2006).…”