Proposal of non-invasive experimental model to induce scoliosis in rats

Silva, Carlos Antônio da; Guirro, R. R. J.; Delfino, G.; Arruda, Eder João

doi:10.1590/s1413-35552012005000015

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Disuse is target of studies performed in several clinical conditions, such as: long bedside periods, fixation of limbs, microgravity or the use of orthosis, and these factors trigger the catabolic state of skeletal muscles 22,23 . Molecular studies performed in skeletal muscles submitted to disuse verified reduced insulin transduction signaling, thus suggesting deficit in the activation of the insulin receptor and of the enzymes activated from it, including the phosphorylation of IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate 1), activation of P13-K, decreased population of GLUT4 transporters and implantation of the picture of resistance to insulin 24,13 . Based on the exposed, the results in this study show expressive reduction in muscle glycogen stores, mimicking the disuse condition generated by other immobilization methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it presents invasive methodologies that are difficult to perform, and this fact makes it difficult to standardize the analyses [10][11][12] . In this study, a non-invasive model of spinal restriction was employed, which was considered to be easy and was based on the study y Silva et al 13 . The difference is that, in this study, the animal's spine was not inclined to any side, since the objective was to assess the effects of functional restriction at the neutral position of the spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same direction, Silva et al 13,17 studied the 12-week time of scoliosis induction among rats, and such an induction was performed by means of a functional restriction similar to the one used in this study. Therefore, there are two functional restriction methodologies (invasive and non-invasive) that worked on a 12-week time, and this fact was the temporal base of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially (1 st week), the placed device was 5 cm long, and every week this rod was approximately 3 mm longer. The used orthosis is made of PVC, and this material provides great flexibility for the adjustment of a scapular and a pelvic band (Figure 1), similarly to a model used in studies about scoliosis 13 . The differential of the model used in this study was the non-induction of curvature, as observed in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disuse induced by the spine rectification vest: experimental study

Guirro¹,

Arruda

Silva

2014

Fisioter. Pesqui.

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The spine is the main support and movement axis of the locomotor system, and numberless clinical conditions may require that this structure be submitted to functional restriction. Among the non-invasive treatments used in spinal or appendicular skeleton injuries, the immobilization of the spine is used as a rehabilitation strategy. Because of the functional restrictions generated by restraining devices used on the spine, the proposal of this study was to adapt a spinal orthosis on rats, thus mimicking the immobilization of corrective vests and assessing the energetic conditions of thoracic muscles after 12 weeks of application. Wistar rats that were 42 days old were used in this study (post-weaning period), followed-up for 12 weeks in 2 groups called control (C) and rectification vests (R), which were made of PVC to immobilize the spine. The following concentrations were evaluated: glycogen (GLY) of the paravertebral muscle and the thorax; total proteins and DNA (TP/DNA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analysis, followed by the Tukey test. A 5% level was established for all of the calculations. It was observed that group R presented 12% less body mass and GLY stores 21% lower; the ratio between TP/DNA was in average 6.6% lower; IL-6 concentrations were in average 25% higher. The study shows that the movement restriction in the spine leads to energetic crisis and compromised muscular development. More studies should be conducted with this model to generate physical therapy strategies that could reduce muscle compromise after spine immobilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disuse induced by the spine rectification vest: experimental study

Guirro¹,

Arruda

Silva

2014

Fisioter. Pesqui.

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“…These exceptions include the work of Grivas et al [13] in 2011, who used a mini-Ilizarov external fixator, which is a semi-invasive method, for inducing scoliosis in Wistar rats. Moreover, Silva et al [14] in 2012 used a simple bracing technique for inducing scoliotic curves in rats. However, none of these groups performed any gene expression or histopathological studies to understand the etiology of scoliosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Animal Model for Studying Scoliosis Using a Noninvasive Method and Its Validation through Gene-Expression Analysis

Banala

Vemuri

Penkulinti³

et al. 2019

Asian Spine J

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Study DesignTo induce scoliosis in young female Wistar rats using a noninvasive method and to validate this model.PurposeTo induce scoliosis in a rat model noninvasively by bracing and to study the corresponding gene-expression profile in the spine and different organs.Overview of LiteratureScoliosis involves abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, the causes of which remain unclear. In the literature, it is suggested that scoliosis is genetically heterogeneous, as there are multiple factors involved directly or indirectly in its pathogenesis. Clinical and experimental studies were conducted to understand the etiology of anatomical alterations in the spine and internal organs, as the findings could help clinicians to establish new treatment approaches.MethodsTwelve female Wistar rats aged 21 days were chosen for this study. Customized braces and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) primers for rats were designed using Primer 3 software. Radiological analysis (X-rays), histopathological studies, SYBR green, and RT-PCR analysis were performed.ResultsThe spines of six rats were braced in a deformed position, which resulted in a permanent structural deformity as confirmed by X-ray studies. The remaining rats were used as controls. Quantitative studies of the expression of various genes (osteocalcin, pleiotrophins, matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP2] and MMP9, TIMP, interleukins 1 and 6, tumor necrosis factor-α) showed their differential expression and significant upregulation (p<0.05) in different organs of scoliotic rats in comparison to those in control rats. Histopathological findings showed tissue necrosis and fibrosis in the brain, retina, pancreas, kidney, liver, and disc of scoliotic rats.ConclusionsBracing is a noninvasive method for inducing scoliosis in an animal model with 100% reliability and with corresponding changes in gene expression. Scoliosis does not just involve a spine deformity, but can be referred to as a systemic disease on the basis of the pathological changes observed in various internal organs.

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