Proposal of a New Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Taekwondo Athletes

Araujo, Marcus Paulo; Nóbrega, Antônio Cláudio Lucas da; Espinosa, Gabriel; Hausen, Matheus; Castro, Renata Rodrigues Teixeira de; Soares, Pedro Paulo da Silva; Gurgel, Jonas Lí­rio

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001312

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For the ratio between High Intensity Movement (HIM) and Low Intensity Movement (LIM), sum of time without attacks was divided by the number of attacks ratio [ 35 ]. The analyses showed a high intra-class correlation [ 53 ] of 0.93 which corresponds to other studies [ 35 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Rapid weight reduction does not impair athletic performance of Taekwondo athletes – A pilot study

Yang

Heine²,

Grau

2018

PLoS ONE

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In combat sports such as taekwondo (TKD), athletes rapidly reduce body weight to achieve a desired weight category. Competition takes place 16–24 h after weigh-in and thus, the recovery time is an important factor for competition performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of rapid weight reduction (RWR) on athletic performance and associated hemorheological properties considering relevant recovery time. Five male TKD athletes reduced body weight by 5% within 3½ days. A simulated competition day (SCD) was carried out after a 16 h recovery period. Parameters were measured before RWR, at weigh-in and before and after three TKD simulation matches (SMs) at SCD. Same set-up was conducted but without RWR as control. Basal blood parameters, red blood cells (RBC) deformability and aggregation, serum glucose and fibrinogen were determined. During SMs, heart rate (HRpeak, HRmean), oxygen uptake (VO2peak, VO2mean), peak lactate (Peak La-), difference of lactate (ΔLa) and energy systems (anaerobic-alactic, -lactic and aerobic) were analyzed. Basal blood parameters remained unaltered during the interventions. RBC deformability was reduced and aggregation was increased after RWR but values returned to baseline after recovery and were not affected by the SMs. Glucose level was not affected by the interventions. Kick frequency in SMs was higher after RWR which might be responsible for higher HRpeak, VO2peak, VO2mean, Peak La-, ΔLa- and aerobic demand. The 16 h recovery is sufficient to regenerate measured physiological and hemorheological parameters. TKD-specific performance was not negatively affected during SMs after RWR.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Rapid weight reduction does not impair athletic performance of Taekwondo athletes – A pilot study

Yang

Heine²,

Grau

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Table 2 illustrates the main characteristics of the 39 eligible scientific contributions in terms of the applied sport-specific test, the tested physical and/or physiological attributes, the measured outcomes, and the number of female and male participants and their athletic background/expertise. Publication years ranged from 1997 (Utter et al, 1997 ) to 2017 (Araujo et al, 2017 ; Chaabene et al, 2017b ; Sant'Ana et al, 2017 ), with an increasing trend starting from 2007 (Figure 2 ). Judo was represented in 15 articles (39%), whereas the relative picture for taekwondo, karate, fencing, wrestling, and amateur boxing was 8 (20%), 7 (18%), 4 (10%), 3 on (8%), and 2 (5%), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests for the Assessment of Sport-Specific Performance in Olympic Combat Sports: A Systematic Review With Practical Recommendations

Chaabène

Negra²,

Bouguezzi³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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The regular monitoring of physical fitness and sport-specific performance is important in elite sports to increase the likelihood of success in competition. This study aimed to systematically review and to critically appraise the methodological quality, validation data, and feasibility of the sport-specific performance assessment in Olympic combat sports like amateur boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google-Scholar, and Science-Direct up to October 2017. Studies in combat sports were included that reported validation data (e.g., reliability, validity, sensitivity) of sport-specific tests. Overall, 39 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies (74%) contained sample sizes <30 subjects. Nearly, 1/3 of the reviewed studies lacked a sufficient description (e.g., anthropometrics, age, expertise level) of the included participants. Seventy-two percent of studies did not sufficiently report inclusion/exclusion criteria of their participants. In 62% of the included studies, the description and/or inclusion of a familiarization session (s) was either incomplete or not existent. Sixty-percent of studies did not report any details about the stability of testing conditions. Approximately half of the studies examined reliability measures of the included sport-specific tests (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.43–1.00). Content validity was addressed in all included studies, criterion validity (only the concurrent aspect of it) in approximately half of the studies with correlation coefficients ranging from r = −0.41 to 0.90. Construct validity was reported in 31% of the included studies and predictive validity in only one. Test sensitivity was addressed in 13% of the included studies. The majority of studies (64%) ignored and/or provided incomplete information on test feasibility and methodological limitations of the sport-specific test. In 28% of the included studies, insufficient information or a complete lack of information was provided in the respective field of the test application. Several methodological gaps exist in studies that used sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports. Additional research should adopt more rigorous validation procedures in the application and description of sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports.

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“…In this context, Bridge et al (2014) have reported that these attributes appear to be conducive to achieving success in international competition. Recently, several taekwondo-related studies have focused on the development of sport-specific tests that meet the particular demands of the discipline (Araujo et al, 2017;Chaabene et al, 2018;Rocha al., 2016a,b;Tayech et al, 2018). Against this background and as part of the assessment of anaerobic power in taekwondo athletes, Tayech et al (2018) recently studied the reliability and criterion validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test (TAIKT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test: Discriminant Validity and an Update with the Gold-Standard Wingate Test

Tayech

Mejri

Chaouachi

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The aim of this study was to update the validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test compared with the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test as the "Gold-Standard", squat jump and countermovement jump tests. The second objective was to examine whether this new specific test would be able to effectively discriminate between elite taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels. Twenty taekwondo athletes (15 males and 5 females) participated in the validation component, whereas 18 (14 males and 4 females) and 16 (13 males and 3 females) athletes participated in the reliability analysis of the Wingate anaerobic test and jumping tests, respectively. They performed these tests on two separate occasions (i.e., test-retest), in addition to the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test. To establish test’s discriminatory capability (i.e., construct validity), two subgroups were identified based on their international and national taekwondo performance: 10 elite (8 males and 2 females) and 9 sub-elite (7 males and 2 females) athletes. Wingate anaerobic test and jumping tests performances showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90, SEM < 5% for most variables). Significant correlations between Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test, Wingate anaerobic test, and jumping tests’ variables were mostly "large". Elite taekwondo athletes showed greater taekwondo test performances compared with their sub-elite counterparts (p < 0.001). Receiving operating characteristic analysis indicated that the taekwondo specific test was able to effectively discriminate between elite and sub-elite taekwondo athletes. Overall, the findings of the current study support the concurrent validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test. In particular, the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test showed good ability to effectively discriminate between taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels.

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Proposal of a New Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Taekwondo Athletes

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Rapid weight reduction does not impair athletic performance of Taekwondo athletes – A pilot study

Rapid weight reduction does not impair athletic performance of Taekwondo athletes – A pilot study

Tests for the Assessment of Sport-Specific Performance in Olympic Combat Sports: A Systematic Review With Practical Recommendations

Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test: Discriminant Validity and an Update with the Gold-Standard Wingate Test

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