Propolis in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review

Zulhendri, Felix; Ravalia, Munir; Kripal, Krishna; Chandrasekaran, Kavita; Fearnley, James; Perera, Conrad O.

doi:10.3390/antiox10030348

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…( 72 ) However, another investigation revealed that obese patients with NASH showed markedly higher expressions of these genes, suggesting that advanced stages of NAFLD might predispose to COVID‐19. ( 73 ) Gut microbiota and incomplete fatty acid oxidation products were also associated with NAFLD/NASH and severe COVID‐19, ( 74‐76 ) possibly by modulating host immune response. ( 77 )…”

Section: Fatty Liver and Covid‐19 Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(72) However, another investigation revealed that obese patients with NASH showed markedly higher expressions of these genes, suggesting that advanced stages of NAFLD might predispose to COVID-19. (73) Gut microbiota and incomplete fatty acid oxidation products were also associated with NAFLD/NASH and severe COVID-19, (74)(75)(76) possibly by modulating host immune response. (77) Within the context of COVID-19, it has been clearly demonstrated that the presence of NAFLD/ NASH predisposes patients to severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Fatty Liver and Covid-progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID‐19 in Liver Disease Progression

Martı́nez

Franco

2021

Hepatol Commun

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 19 , which has infected millions of people worldwide in only a few months.A minority, but significant number, of infected individuals require hospitalization and intensive care. From the start of this new virus pandemic, it was apparent that obese and/or diabetic individuals had a bad prognosis for COVID-19 progression, strongly suggesting an association between liver disease and severe COVID-19. Since chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with immune dysregulation and inflammation, it is unsurprising that CLD patients may carry a greater risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial COVID-19 data have also indicated that healthy infected individuals display abnormal liver function tests, suggesting a possible direct implication of SARS-CoV-2 in liver damage. Here we show that COVID-19 affects the liver metabolism and increases the morbidity and mortality of individuals with underlying CLD.

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Section: Fatty Liver and Covid‐19 Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(72) However, another investigation revealed that obese patients with NASH showed markedly higher expressions of these genes, suggesting that advanced stages of NAFLD might predispose to COVID-19. (73) Gut microbiota and incomplete fatty acid oxidation products were also associated with NAFLD/NASH and severe COVID-19, (74)(75)(76) possibly by modulating host immune response. (77) Within the context of COVID-19, it has been clearly demonstrated that the presence of NAFLD/ NASH predisposes patients to severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Fatty Liver and Covid-progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID‐19 in Liver Disease Progression

Martı́nez

Franco

2021

Hepatol Commun

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“…Several studies have shown that flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds present in propolis, possess anti-inflammatory capability [ 65 , 66 ]. The main reported mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of propolis include (i) inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and subsequent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, (ii) free radical scavenging activity, (iii) inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, (iv) reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels and (v) immunosuppressive activity [ 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Propolis Bioactivitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propolis extracts exhibit significant cellular recovery, as evidenced by the reversal of various biochemical indices and histopathology, altered due to CCl4 toxicity. Owing to the antioxidative potential, propolis has been assigned clinical importance and is useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated chronic diseases [ 66 ]. Early on, using D-GalN-induced hepatic injury model, it was shown that ethanol extract of Brazilian and Cuban propolis types possess strong hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol- and CCl4-induced liver injury in mice and rat models [ 87 ].…”

Section: Propolis Bioactivitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propolis has also been reported to possess neuroprotective properties in vitro and in vivo through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects [ 65 , 66 , 73 , 74 , 96 ]. Brazilian green propolis has been shown to protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from neurodegenerative damage by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC), proteins involved in memory [ 97 ].…”

Section: Propolis Bioactivitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis

et al. 2021

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Propolis is produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It is a resinous material having mixtures of wax and bee enzymes. Propolis is also known as bee glue and used by bees as a building material in their hives, for blocking holes and cracks, repairing the combs and strengthening their thin borders. It has been extensively used since ancient times for different purposes in traditional human healthcare practices. The quality and composition of propolis depend on its geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The New Zealand and Brazilian green propolis are the two main kinds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their bioactive components have been found to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials. It was found that Brazilian green propolis improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairments in patients living at high altitude and protects them from neurodegenerative damage through its antioxidant properties. It possesses artepillin C (ARC) as the key component, also known to possess anticancer potential. The New Zealand propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as the main bioactive with multiple therapeutic potentials. Our lab performed in vitro and in vivo assays on the extracts prepared from New Zealand and Brazilian propolis and their active ingredients. We provided experimental evidence that these extracts possess anticancer, antistress and hypoxia-modulating activities. Furthermore, their conjugation with γCD proved to be more effective. In the present review, we portray the experimental evidence showing that propolis has the potential to be a candidate drug for different ailments and improve the quality of life.

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Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors

Rossi

Barbalho

Araújo

et al. 2021

Diabetes Metabolism Res

234

134

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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non‐infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro‐inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in ‘dysmetabolic’ patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low‐grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post‐translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long‐term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy‐reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.

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Propolis in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 203 publications

Impact of COVID‐19 in Liver Disease Progression

Impact of COVID‐19 in Liver Disease Progression

Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis

Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors

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