Properties and origins of high‐performance poly(phenylene oxide)/cyanate ester resins for high‐frequency copper‐clad laminates

Abstract

A high-performance matrix is the key base for the fabrication of high-frequency copper-clad laminates. A high-performance resin system based on commercial poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and 2,2 0 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl) isopropylidene (BADCy), coded as PPO-n/ BADCy (where n is the weight parts of PPO per 100 weight parts of BADCy), was developed. The effect of PPO on the key properties, including the dielectric and thermal properties, water resistance, and toughness, of the cured resins was investigated extensively. The results show that PPO not only catalyzed the curing reaction of BADCy but also reacted with BADCy to form a singlephase structure. Furthermore, compared with the cured BADCy resin with 1 phr epoxy resin as a catalyst, the cured PPO-n/BADCy resins had significantly increased impact strengths and decreased dielectric constants, loss, and water resistance. The reasons behind these desirable improvements are discussed from the view of structureproperty relationships. These results suggest that the PPO-n/BADCy system has great potential to be used as a matrix for high-frequency copper-clad laminates or other advanced composites.

DMA testing of epoxy resins: The importance of dimensions

“… Literature values of rubbery modulus data collected using SC . An assumed misplaced decimal point results in shifting the circled points the data to the left.…”

“…The DMA instrument manufacturers do suggest sample dimension ranges for given geometries , but do not discuss how a three order of magnitude modulus change through the glass transition can affect DMA measurements. Numerous researchers favor the 3pt bend geometry , other favor the DC geometry , and others favor the SC geometry . However, Duncan and others claim that the 3pt bend geometry is best suited for high modulus materials, such as metals, ceramics, and highly filled thermosetting polymers that show little change in modulus throughout the test .…”

Reactive blend of epoxy‐novolac resin and epoxide‐terminated low‐molecular‐weight poly(phenylene oxide)

“…This may suggest the catalytic effects of PPO on the curing of EPN. It has been reported that PPO acts as a catalyst for the curing of CE and the addition of PPO decreases the nonisothermal curing temperature of CE due to an autocatalytic curing mechanism 28−30. However, T p decreases with a further increase of PPO or EPPO fraction from 0.3 to 0.5, because of the steric hindrance effects of macromolecular blend component on the curing of EPN 31,32…”

Synthesis and properties of cured epoxy mixed resin systems modified by polyphenylene oxide for production of high‐frequency copper clad laminates

“…The crosslinking densities of the cured rPPO/EP mixed resins may be calculated using a semi‐empirical equation based on the storage modulus of each resins (See: Eq . ) …”