Proper Planting Improves Performance

Long, Alan

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3800-0_17

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Proper depth of planting is most important. Seedlings should be provided with a sufficiently deep hole and should be planted at least 5 cm deeper than the level at which they were grown in the nursery (Blake and South 1991;Long 1991). However, obtaining a sufficiently deep planting hole can be difficult when using a dibble bar or hoedad.…”

Section: How To Obtain a One-and Two-year Age Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities

South

1993

New Forest

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Application. Growing bare-root southern yellow pine seedlings at low seedbed densities can improve the morphology of the seedling by increasing diameter and root system volume without increasing seedling height. The outplanting of morphologically improved seedlings can increase the per hectare volume production at age 10 to 20 years by as much as 30 m3/ha per mm increase in root collar diameter (within the range of 2 to 6 mm). However, the economic gains of planting these "morphologically improved" seedlings will depend on proper seedling handling and plantation management.Abstract. Although most bare-root pine seedlings in the Southern United States are grown at seedbed densities near 300/m 2, the density used in other regions of the world is often less than 200/m 2. One rationale for growing seedlings at lower seedbed densities is based on the desire to reduce the time required for successful stand establishment. Achieving a one-to two-year advancement in stand establishment can result in an additional 15 to 30 m3/ha within 15 to 20 years. Although seedling grade studies have demonstrated similar gains in volume production at ages 10 to 30 years, the findings from these studies are not widely known. The rationale in the Southern United States for growing at higher seedbed densities appears to be based on: (1) misinformation regarding the performance of morphologically improved seedlings; (2) a desire to minimize seedling and planting costs; and (3) density recommendations that are not based on volume growth in the field.

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Section: How To Obtain a One-and Two-year Age Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities

South

1993

New Forest

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“…inappropriate nursery conditions (Mason 1985), genetic factors (Coutts et al 1999), planting methods (Long 1991;Mason et al 1996) or the use of seedlings with distorted root systems (Burdett et al 1986;Halter et al 1993). Tree survival and growth after outplanting are directly related to the ability of the root system to rapidly produce new roots and grow out into the surrounding soil Schultz and Thompson 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Performance of Pinus radiata D. Don Produced in Nursery with Different Types of Containers

Ortega

Majada²,

Mena‐Petite

et al. 2006

New Forest

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Abstract. We have studied the development in nurseries of containerized Pinus radiata produced with different container systems in order to choose the most suitable system for producing wellbalanced plants with an optimal root system. At the end of the production period, significant differences were found in morphological responses among the seedlings to the various container characteristics. Seedlings grown in containers that permitted lateral air puning presented less growth and lower biomass production. However, root deformations were more frequent and severe in plants produced in closed-wall containers. Field performance was likewise mainly affected by container type and plant growth rate, as faster grown plants showed more problems of stability than plants with a balanced root and stem development.

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“…The IA estimated that seedlings were deeper than in the SC. The discrepancy is significant, but the implication being that workers are underestimating the quality of this aspect of planting bodes well for the performance of the regenerated stand (Long 1991;Luoranen and Viiri 2016). However, planting depth is difficult to determine precisely and accurately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High quality sites are for instance characterized by approximately 2000 mounds ha -1 that are large enough for planters to plant seedlings correctly but not so large as to provide substrate for opportunistic broadleaf trees (Uotila et al 2010). Planting work is evaluated in terms of the proportion of seedlings that are planted correctly, i.e., stems anchored well in the soil and their roots reaching nutritious humus layer when possible (Long 1991;Luoranen and Viiri 2016). Seedlings should also be planted in the centre of the prepared spot, maximizing the distance from the humus edge and thereby minimizing the risk of pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) attack (Heiskanen and Viiri 2005) and competition with adjacent vegetation (Örlander et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of self-control method in the management of non-industrial private forests

Haataja¹,

Kankaanhuhta²,

Saksa³

2018

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Self-control method was found reliable at the main stages of the forest regeneration process.• Only slight overestimation was found in self-control results of soil preparation and planting and small underestimation in self-control of young stand management.• Diverse utilizing of self-control data is possible in support of service providers operations. AbstractThis study seeks to determine the extent to which self-control data can be relied upon in the management of private forests. Self-control (SC) requires the forest workers to evaluate their own work quality to ensure the clients' needs are met in terms of soil preparation, planting and young stand management. Self-control data were compared to an independent evaluation of the same worksites. Each dataset had a hierarchical structure (e.g., sample plot, regeneration area and contractor), and key quality indicators (i.e., number of mounds, planted seedlings or crop trees) were measured for each plot. Self-control and independent-assessments (IA) were analyzed by fitting a multivariate multilevel model containing explanatory variables. In the silvicultural operations studied, no practical differences for the quality control purposes were found. This was the case especially in soil preparation (number of mounds) and young stand management (number of crop trees). Self-control seemed to give about 10-20% over-or underestimation depending on key quality indicator as compared to independent assessment. Discrepancies were discussed in terms of sampling and other explanatory factors. According to overall results, self-control methods are reliable at the main stages of the forest regeneration process. As such, the diverse utilizing of self-control data is possible in support of service providers operations.

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Proper Planting Improves Performance

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities

Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities

Field Performance of Pinus radiata D. Don Produced in Nursery with Different Types of Containers

Reliability of self-control method in the management of non-industrial private forests

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