In on-demand education, students often experience problems with directing their own learning processes. A Structured Task Evaluation and Planning Portfolio (STEPP) was designed to help students develop three basic self-directed learning skills: Assessing the quality of own performance, formulating learning needs, and selecting future learning tasks. A case study with 10 first-year students in the domain of hairdressing was conducted to evaluate STEPP's use, usability, and perceived effectiveness. Results from student interviews show that usability and use are influenced by several factors. Students with low prior hairdressing skills, a weakly developed personal approach to direct their own learning, and an inclination to update STEPP as part of their weekly routine, use STEPP more frequently than students without these characteristics. Both the supervisor and students who frequently used STEPP perceived its use as a positive contribution to the development of self-directed learning skills. Furthermore, this study provides guidelines for the design of development portfolios in on-demand education.
Development portfolio 3Design and Evaluation of a Development Portfolio: How to Improve Students' Self-Directed
Learning SkillsIn the Netherlands, on-demand education is becoming increasingly popular in secondary vocational education because it is expected to address the uniqueness of students' learning needs and to better prepare students for lifelong learning in their future profession. It offers students the opportunity to plan their own learning trajectory by providing them a certain amount of freedom to choose what they want to learn (i.e., selecting a topic) and how they want to learn this (i.e., selecting particular learning tasks). For instance, an on-demand educational program at a school for hairdressing offers students the opportunity to decide for themselves which skills, from a predefined set of skills, they prefer to develop first: Washing hair, permanent waving, applying hair-dye, and so forth. After choosing which skill(s) they want to develop, students select from a predefined set of tasks the tasks they want to perform to develop these skill(s), creating their personal learning trajectory. Students can choose from tasks in which they practice on a dummy or a model, in which they learn from studying a book, watching a video, or observing an expert at work, in which they work in groups or individually, in which they practice only one skill (i.e., part-task practice) or more than one skill (i.e., whole-task practice), and so forth.Self-directed learning (SDL) plays an important role in on-demand education. Althought the concept of SDL originally emerged from the field of adult education, with particular relevance to workplace learning, students in secondary vocational education are also more and more required to direct their own learning processes, including assessing their own performance, deducing their learning needs from these assessments, and selecting suitable learning resources (e.g., learn...