Promising Multiple-Epitope Recombinant Vaccine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O in Swine

Abstract

In order to develop a completely safe immunogen to replace the traditional inactivated vaccine, a tandemrepeat multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) type O was developed. It contained three copies each of residues 141 to 160 and 200 to 213 of VP1 of the O/China/99 strain of FMDV coupled with a swine immunoglobulin G heavy-chain constant region (scIgG). The data showed that the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine elicited high titers of anti-FMDV specific antibodies in swine at 30 days postvaccination (dpv) and conferred complete protection against a challenge with 10 3 50% swine infective doses of the O/China/99 strain. The anti-FMDV specific antibody titers were not significantly different between the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine and the traditional vaccine (t test, P > 0.05). The number of 50% pig protective doses was 6.47, which is higher than the number recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. The multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine resulted in a duration of immunity of at least 6 months. We speculate that the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine is a promising vaccine that may replace the traditional inactivated vaccine for the prevention and control of FMD in swine in the future. (FMDV) is a member of the genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family and is classified into seven distinct serotypes (O, A, C, SAT 1 to 3, and Asia 1), as well as numerous subtypes (4, 12). The virus causes highly contagious FMD in cloven-hoofed animals, and its devastating consequences have been demonstrated by the recent outbreaks in Taiwan and the United Kingdom (14, 24). Chemically inactivated whole-virus vaccines play a key role in the control and prevention of FMD (2, 3). However, the traditional vaccines have several disadvantages, such as the requirement for storage under refrigeration, the need for periodic revaccination, and the difficulty in differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (25,26,37). Furthermore, the immunogenic diversity of the seven distinct serotypes of FMDV necessitates serologic matching for the formulation of efficacious vaccines. Importantly, there is a potential risk of the escape of live virus from biosafety facilities during vaccine production or from residual live virus inside the vaccines (3, 4, 7). Another problem is that the conventional FMD vaccines do not induce sterile immunity and thus do not prevent a carrier status. For these and other reasons, alternative vaccines that do not require live virus material, such as subunit vaccines, synthetic peptides, DNA vaccines, and recombinant virus vaccines, have been explored extensively (5,6,13,22,41). Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virusThe epitopes located in residues 141 to 160 and 200 to 213 of the VP1 protein are the main immunogenic epitopes of FMDV (5,11,29). Previous studies have shown that synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins that contain one or both of the immunogenic epitopes can induce significant titers of neutralizing antibodies against FMDV and co...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier status in Bos grunniens yaks

“…The total FMDV antibodies were detected with a commercial LPB-ELISA kit, and all procedures were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions [33]. …”

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

“…One solution to the problem of NSP contamination is the development of new vaccines for FMD. For example, a newly developed epitope-based vaccine does not appear to contain any NSP components (25). The 3ABC-2C CLIA would be a suitable assay to test serum from animals vaccinated with non-NSP-containing vaccines.…”

Challenges of Generating and Maintaining Protective Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

“…Shao et al (76) reported on the further development of a tandem repeat multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine against FMDV serotype O containing three copies of two VP1 epitopes of the O/China/99 strain of FMDV coupled with a porcine IgG heavy-chain constant region (77). This peptide vaccine elicited high titers of FMDV specific antibodies in pigs at 30 dpv and conferred complete protection against a challenge with 1000 50% infective doses of the O/China/99 strain.…”