Prolactin in Umbilical Cord Blood and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Gluckman, P. D.; Ballard, Pl; Sl, Kaplan; Gc, Liggins; Mm, Grumbach

doi:10.1097/00006254-197907010-00004

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…2, r = 0.22 n. s.). The prolactin values of our healthy newborns showed the same wide ränge (56-670 ng/ml) äs observed in healthy newborns by GLUCKMAN, HAUTH, and SMITH [2,4,7]. The prolactin levels of the RDS patients in the study seem to be in continuation of the regression line for healthy newborns (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The physiological relevance of these high fetal values is still unclear [1]. The study groups of GLUCKMAN, HAUTH and SMITH suggested a direct Stimulation of surfactant production by prolactin, based on their fmdings that a high incidence of RDS is associated with low prolactin levels in newborns [2,4,7]. Since RDS is only a clinical entity of Symptoms influenced by several factors we used the measurement of respiratory compliance äs an objective criteria for hing maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of the recent years have analysed the possible influence of several hormones on lang maturation and production of surfactant. Recent investigations [2,3,4,7] indicate that also prolactin may influence surfactant production respectively development of RDS directly. All three study groups independently found an association between the incidence of RDS and low cord blood prolactin levels, although they could not clarify if prolactin in cord blood is only an indicator of maturity in general or a directly influencing factor for lung maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of prolactin in cord blood, gestational age and respiratory compliance after birth in newborn infants

Schober¹,

Simbruner²,

Salzer³

et al. 1982

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of prolactin in cord blood, gestational age and respiratory compliance after birth in newborn infants

Schober¹,

Simbruner²,

Salzer³

et al. 1982

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…Prolactin levels are elevated markedly in cord blood at 170 ng ml À1 compared with adults (<20 ng ml À1 ) and are declined by >60% in the first week after birth. 6,7 The regulation of prolactin is unique because it is secreted consistently unless it is inhibited actively by dopamine (also called the prolactin inhibitory factor), which is produced by neurons in the hypothalamus. 8 Dopamine antagonists may result in increased serum levels of prolactin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactorrhea with metoclopramide use in the neonatal unit

et al. 2009

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We report a 3½-month-old infant with trisomy 21 presenting with galactorrhea in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Endocrine work-up showed a high prolactin level (64.4 ng ml À1 Fnormal: 0.5 to 30 ng ml À1 ). Cessation of therapy with metoclopramide (0.2 mg kg À1 per dose q 6 h) resulted in the resolution of galactorrhea with a decrease in serum prolactin level (20.1 ng ml À1 ). We present this case to highlight this uncommon side effect of a commonly used medication in the NICU.

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“…Whereas changes in the concentrations of estrogens in blood and urine of women during normal as well as complicated pregnancy are well defined, there are relatively few reports of studies of estrogens in the fetus and newborn (1 -10). Estrogens are believed to be important in fetal lung development, especially the maturation of processes that lead to increased capacity for surfactant production (I 1-13); this presumed action of estrogen may result from direct effects on the lungs, or by way of augmenting pituitary secretion of prolactin (14), which has been suggested by some to be a stimulant of lung surfactant synthesis (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), or both. Indeed, the findings of some investigators are suggestive that reduced estrogen levels in blood or urine of newborns are associated with newborn respiratory difficulties (1, 2, 4,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Unconjugated Estriol in Fetal Blood and the Relation of Estriol Levels at Birth to the Development of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

et al. 1987

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ABSTRAa. Unconjugated estriol (E3) was quantified in E2, estradiol serum of umbilical cord blood of 533 newborn infants, 360 E3, estriol of whom were delivered between 23 and 37 wk of gestation.CS, cesarean section Serum E3 levels rose (F = 7.71, p < 0.0001) as a function DS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate of gestational age; the mean concentration of E3 at 37.5-42 wk of gestation (105 ng/ml, n = 173) was significantly higher than that in serum of newborns delivered at 23-28 wkY of gestation (63 ng/ml, n = 33). Umbilical cord serum levels of E3 were significantly higher among newborns delivered vaginally between 31.5 and 42 wk of gestation than among newborns delivered by cesarean section ( p < 0.005). Although serum E3 levels correlated highly ( p < 0.0001) to newborn weight throughout the entire period of gestation, there was no relationship of newborn weight to umbilical serum E3 levels within a given gestational period. Also, the umbilical serum levels of E3 in male infants were similar to those of female infants at each gestational age. Significant changes in umbilical serum levels of E3 as a function of gestational age were not observed among newborns (n = 90) who developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The mean umbilical serum concentration of E3 in newborns delivered at 34.5-37 wk of gestation who developed RDS were significantly lower ( p < 0.01) than that in similar aged newborns whose lung function was normal. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression analyses, we estimated that for each week between 28.5-36 wk of gestation, the probability of RDS in infants in whom the E3 level was at the 10th percentile was about 7% greater than that in newborns in whom the E3 level was at the 50th percentile; the probability of RDS in infants with an E3 level at the 90th percentile was about 10% lower than that in newborns in whom the E3 level was at the 50th percentile. These data are suggestive that with normal intrauterine development, fetal tissues are exposed to unconjugated E3 in progressively increasing concentrations during the latter half of gestation. When fetal levels of E3 do not increase during this critical period of development, there is an increased risk of development of RDS. (Pediatr Res 21: 386-390, 1987)

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Prolactin in Umbilical Cord Blood and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The relationship of prolactin in cord blood, gestational age and respiratory compliance after birth in newborn infants

The relationship of prolactin in cord blood, gestational age and respiratory compliance after birth in newborn infants

Galactorrhea with metoclopramide use in the neonatal unit

Ontogeny of Unconjugated Estriol in Fetal Blood and the Relation of Estriol Levels at Birth to the Development of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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