Proguanil-resistant Falciparum Malaria

Edeson, J. F. B.; Field, J. W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4646.147

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nonetheless, 'the accidental production in the field of proguanil-resistant strains ... is thought unlikely', because high-level resistance had taken 20 months to arise in P. vivax and proguanil had a 'sterilizing effect' on P. falciparum gametocytes. At exactly the same time, proguanil resistance was detected in the field, in Malaya: 'the widespread use of proguanil in the Tampin district for the past two years ... we believe, is related to the emergence of resistant strains of P. falciparum' (Edeson and Field, 1950). The authors noted that Rollo et al (1948), based on avian malaria experiments, had offered the 'likely explanation ... that resistant parasites occur spontaneously as rare mutants in a normally sensitive strain; and, as a result of selective survival of these resistant mutants when the parasites are exposed to the drug, a stable resistant strain emerges'.…”

Section: Reaction To Anti-malarial Remediesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Chapter 1 Strain Theory of Malaria

McKenzie

Smith

O’Meara

et al. 2008

Advances in Parasitology Volume 66

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From the 1920s to the 1970s, a large body of principles and evidence accumulated about the existence and character of 'strains' among the Plasmodium species responsible for human malaria. An extensive research literature examined the degree to which strains were autonomous, stable biological entities, distinguishable by clinical, epidemiological or other features, and how this knowledge could be used to benefit medical and public health practice. Strain theory in this era was based largely on parasite phenotypes related to clinical virulence, reactions to anti-malarial drugs, infectivity to mosquitoes, antigenic properties and host immunity, latency and relapse. Here we review the search for a definition of 'strain', suggest how the data and discussion shaped current understandings of many aspects of malaria and sketch a number of specific connections with perspectives from the past 30 years.

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Section: Reaction To Anti-malarial Remediesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Chapter 1 Strain Theory of Malaria

McKenzie

Smith

O’Meara

et al. 2008

Advances in Parasitology Volume 66

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show abstract

“…At first, acute infections of Plasmodium falciparum responded well to the drug, but in October 1948 infections were encountered which were less sensitive to its action, and in 1949 some infections resisted doses as great as or greater than the standard course of treatment (Field & Edeson, 1949;Edeson & Field, 1950). In 1947 experimental trials of proguanil were begun in a district in Malaya.…”

Section: ( 5 ) the Importance Of The Type I$ Infection In The Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance in Protozoa

Bishop

1959

Biological Reviews

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“…Resistance to pyrimethamine has been assessed mainly in terms of its activity against asexual parasites, but resistance at the preerythrocytic stage has also been reported (NAHLEN et al, 1989). Resistance of the asexual blood stage to proguanil was also detected early (EDESON, 1950), and the lack of prophylactic efficacy was recently confirmed in Thailand (PANG et al, 1989). Cross resistance between antifols has been shown in vitro, but while there is a 750-fold difference in mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values between pyrimethamine-resistant and pyrimethamine-sensitive parasites, the corresponding figure for cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, was only 7.7-fold (WATKINS et al, 1987a).…”

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confidence: 99%