Programa nacional garante qualidade do sal consumido no País
Abstract:Terra plana, alta temperatura, pouca chuva e muito vento. Essas são as características geográficas do litoral nordestino que fizeram do Rio Grande do Norte o maior produtor de sal do País, região onde as montanhas de sal estão tornando-se ponto turístico e concorrendo com as belas praias do local. Grande parte do sal que chega à mesa da população no País é produzido no Estado. E para garantir a qualidade desse produto e melhorar o monitoramento da produção, a Subcoordenação de Vigilância Sanitária do Rio Grand… Show more
Objective African-Americans have been shown to have low prevalence of hypothyroidism. Brazil has a high ethnic admixture allowing further exploration into whether environmental factors can explain the ethnic differences. Design A survey, representative of the population of Rio de Janeiro, a large metropolitan city in Brazil. Factors studied included race, parity, income, schooling, and smoking. Population The survey was carried out in Rio de Janeiro whereby households (1500) were selected using three-stage probability sampling. A total of 1298 (86.5%) women participated in the survey (non-response: 13.5%). Measurements TSH from blood drawn at the households. Anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and free T4 were also measured. Results Overall prevalence of hypothyroidism (TSH > 4 mUI/ml or taking medication) was 12.3%. Prevalence was 6.9% in black people, 8.8% in Mulatto people, and 16.7% among white people. The mean serum TSH of the population was 2.65 (95% confidence interval 2.33-2.97). The TSH distribution of black and Mulatto people was shifted to the left compared to white people. After adjustment for age, income, smoking and presence of anti-TPO, Black and Mulatto people were still protected from hypothyroidism. The adjusted odds ratio for black compared to white people was 0.45 (95% CI 0.30-0.68) and for Mulatto people was 0.34 (95% CI 0.18-0.63). Serum TSH levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers, but there was no association between number of cigarettes smoked and serum TSH level. Conclusions This is the first time it has been demonstrated that Mulatto people have a prevalence of hypothyroidism which lies between that of white and black people, independent of the prevalence of anti-TPO and smoking.
Objective African-Americans have been shown to have low prevalence of hypothyroidism. Brazil has a high ethnic admixture allowing further exploration into whether environmental factors can explain the ethnic differences. Design A survey, representative of the population of Rio de Janeiro, a large metropolitan city in Brazil. Factors studied included race, parity, income, schooling, and smoking. Population The survey was carried out in Rio de Janeiro whereby households (1500) were selected using three-stage probability sampling. A total of 1298 (86.5%) women participated in the survey (non-response: 13.5%). Measurements TSH from blood drawn at the households. Anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and free T4 were also measured. Results Overall prevalence of hypothyroidism (TSH > 4 mUI/ml or taking medication) was 12.3%. Prevalence was 6.9% in black people, 8.8% in Mulatto people, and 16.7% among white people. The mean serum TSH of the population was 2.65 (95% confidence interval 2.33-2.97). The TSH distribution of black and Mulatto people was shifted to the left compared to white people. After adjustment for age, income, smoking and presence of anti-TPO, Black and Mulatto people were still protected from hypothyroidism. The adjusted odds ratio for black compared to white people was 0.45 (95% CI 0.30-0.68) and for Mulatto people was 0.34 (95% CI 0.18-0.63). Serum TSH levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers, but there was no association between number of cigarettes smoked and serum TSH level. Conclusions This is the first time it has been demonstrated that Mulatto people have a prevalence of hypothyroidism which lies between that of white and black people, independent of the prevalence of anti-TPO and smoking.
samples (96.7%) urinary iodine was above the maximum limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), of 300 mg/L. Fourteen thyroids (25.5%) showed the presence of histological changes compatible with thyroiditis. Higher levels of iodine in urine were observed in females and in of thyroid that showed inflammation (thyroiditis). Conclusions: We conclude that, in this population, there is excess iodine intake, and greater incidence of inflammatory thyroid disease. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(9):727-32
No Brasil, como em muitos países, é obrigatória a fortificação de sal de cozinha com iodo a fim de evitar graves distúrbios de saúde causados pela deficiência de iodo no organismo. A Resolução RDC nº 130 (26/5/2003) estabelece que o sal adequado para o consumo humano deve conter entre 20 e 60 miligramas de iodo para cada quilograma de produto. Distúrbios de deficiência de iodo (DDI) podem ser causados pela carência ou pelo excesso de iodo. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os teores de iodo em 31 amostras de sal coletadas em estabelecimentos comerciais da região de Campinas-SP. A determinação do teor de iodo foi efetuada em triplicata aplicando-se a titulação iodométrica no Centro de Laboratório Regional – Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Campinas III. Do total de amostras, 10% estavam não conformes com a legislação vigente. No entanto, foi observada melhora gradativa no procedimento de iodação do sal no período estudado, uma vez que houve diminuição da porcentagem de amostras não conformes em relação aos dados anteriores: 20% em 2008; 11% em 2009 e 0% em 2010. A variação dos teores de iodo nas amostras de sal foi evidenciada em produtos de mesma marca e de lotes diferentes
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