Prognostic value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Abstract

Introduction:Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is extremely rare and we herein report a case of a patient suffering from primary hepatic MALT lymphoma with concomitant hepatitis B virus infection.Diagnostic modalities and outcome:Double masses were found in a 59-year-old Chinese female patient. We reported the laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images among other findings. As far as we know, only 9 cases have been reported till now using 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Our patient's lesions were found to conform to standard uptake values of FDG.Conclusion:It indicates that hepatic MALT lymphoma can be studied with 18F-FDG PET/CT like other 18F-FDG-avid lymphomas. It was also noted that delayed-time-point FDG PET imaging may further improve the detection of the MALT lymphoma in liver. Although the patient in this case refused further treatment, potential management options, including rituximab, which is also discussed in this review.

Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

“…Although the incidence of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma is extremely rare, some unique clinical characteristics were reported in the literatures (Table 1) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Most of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma cases occurred in elderly people and were presented with incidentally detected liver masses without specific symptoms [6,7].…”

“…Several articles focus on 18 F-FDG PET/CT as a diagnostic modality as for other lymphomas. Bao et al [9] suggest that 18 F-FDG PET/CT is particularly helpful in distinguishing the initial stages of MALT lymphoma, although pathological evidence is needed for definitive diagnosis. It can assist in staging, evaluating treatment responses, and monitoring relapse and recurrence [9].…”

Multimodal Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions

“…The imaging agents used for PET are the basic elements for the human body, used to easily mark compounds and metabolites, and do not change their biological activity, so as to reflect the molecular level of physiological and biochemical processes of the human body, to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis and guidance of treatment. In clinical practice, PET that enables to locate, stage, and monitor cancer is mainly used to image tumors through the use of the 18F-labeled imaging agent [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose ([18F]-FDG) [ 102 – 104 ]. For instance, Brenner et al [ 105 ] reported that the predictive values of [18F]-FDG in primary staging in patients with newly diagnosed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) clinical stage I/II.…”

Primary hepatic mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review

“…Since the first report of four hepatic MALT lymphoma cases in 1995, 14 about 70 cases have been reported worldwide. [15][16][17][18][19] Due to the limited cases, little is known about the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of this disease. It mostly occurs in elderly individuals with a median age of 62-64 years, with a roughtly same sex ratio.…”

“…20,21,25 Patients should be closely monitored. Primary hepatic MALT lymphoma has been reported to have a 5-year survival rate of about 60% and a median survival time of 82.9 months, 18 which is superior to other extranodal lymphomas. 25,26 As a preliminary suggestion, we believe that a large tumor burden (size), a high proliferation index (Ki67), elder age, physical fitness, elevated actate dehydrogenase and β 2 microglobulin, and complications are probably related to patient's outcome.…”