Prognostic value of changes in lean and fat mass in alcoholics

The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: A review

“…Waist-to-hip ratio may be higher in these individuals (Addolorato et al, 2000) but may not differ significantly from the general population (Wilkens Knudsen et al, 2014). Their FM percentage may also be relatively high (Martin-Gonzalez et al, 2011).…”

Alcohol: Effects on Nutritional Status, Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure

“…Martin-Gonzalez et al [19] evaluated the prognostic value of the long-term alterations to the adipose and muscular tissues of alcoholics and the effects of abstinence on these changes. The results demonstrate that a loss of lean body mass during the first six months after the first evaluation is associated to a worse prognosis, whether or not patients were abstinent during this same period.…”

Nutritional influences on age-related skeletal muscle loss

“…The extent of alcoholic myopathy is sufficiently severe to be measurable by changes to mid-arm circumference and DXA measurements (163,168) .…”

“…An acute alcoholic myopathy can also occur after substantial alcohol consumption, even in healthy people, and is accompanied by muscle aching and tenderness, and often muscle cramps ( 166 , 167 ) . The extreme loss of muscle mass that occurs in alcoholic patients may be reversed by becoming abstinent, as one study found significantly increased total lean mass in alcoholics who abstained from drinking (∼600 g over 6 months) ( 168 ) .…”

“…The structural damage to skeletal muscle that occurs with alcohol includes reduced diameter of type II fibres, particularly the type IIb fibres (which do not include mitochondria) whereas the type I fibres appear unaffected, and in the early stages show compensatory hypertrophy ( 163 , 166 ) . The extent of alcoholic myopathy is sufficiently severe to be measurable by changes to mid-arm circumference and DXA measurements ( 163 , 168 ) .…”