Prognostic factors of recurrence in encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland

Abstract

Objective Lower extremity functional performance and perception of functional abilities influence clinical management in people diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in perception of function and performance during functional tasks between individuals with unilateral and bilateral knee OA. Methods The functional abilities of patients with symptomatic and radiographic diagnosed unilateral (n = 84) or bilateral (n = 68) knee OA were evaluated with self‐report measures and performance‐based tests. Self‐report measures included the Knee Outcome Survey, the Global Rating Scale, and the physical component of the Short Form 36 health survey; functional tests included the Timed Up‐and‐Go Test, the Stair Climbing Test, and the 6‐Minute Walk Test. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed separately for men and women to determine if perception (self‐report measures) and performance (functional tests) were dependent on the number of involved knees. Results No significant main effects were observed in functional performance between groups for either sex. Similarly, the perception measures did not differ between groups. In general, individuals diagnosed with unilateral and bilateral knee OA both performed functional tasks and perceived their functional ability similarly. Conclusion Regardless of the number of involved knees, individuals with knee OA perform and perceive their functional ability similarly, which suggests that clinicians need to consider other factors, such as how long the disease has been progressing or how functional abilities have changed, when treating patients with knee OA.

Prognostic factors of minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma: Extensive vascular invasion significantly affects patient prognosis

“…Capsular invasion and vascular invasion were evaluated based on the categories in the textbook written by Chan [24], in which minimally invasive FTC was divided into three categories: with capsular invasion only, with limited (<4) vascular invasion, and with extensive (>4) vascular invasion. The cutoff number of vascular invasion was set at 4 based on the findings of previous studies [25][26][27]. Widely invasive FTC was defined as tumor with widespread invasion of adjacent thyroid tissue and/or blood vessels and such cases were not enrolled in this study under the diagnosis of our coauthor (M.H.).…”

Association between p53-binding protein 1 expression and genomic instability in oncocytic follicular adenoma of the thyroid

“…Some studies have indicated that oncocytic carcinomas behave more aggressively compared to the usual variants of well differentiated thyroid cancers, and result in a higher incidence of metastases and a lower survival rate; hence they recommend an aggressive surgical treatment regime for all oncocytic follicular tumors [8][9][10]. On the other hand, other reports suggest that oncocytic follicular tumors are not more aggressive than their conventional counterparts [11][12][13].…”

Classification of thyroid follicular cell tumors: with special reference to borderline lesions [Review]

“…Tumors with marked vascular invasion (more than 4 foci), high grade histology (increased mitoses and necrosis) and distant metastasis at presentation should be excluded from the borderline and WDA category, because their more aggressive nature was reported [10,12,23,24,[30][31][32][33][34]. Moderately differentiated follicular cell adenocarcinoma (MDA) included FTC with angioinvasion (more than 4) and aggressive PTC variants, such as tall cell, columnar cell, solid, loss of cellular polarity/cohesiveness (hobnail) variants and encapsulated carcinoma with high grade histology [8,9,20,[30][31][32][33][34][35]. PDC in our classification included PDC of WHO definition, insular carcinoma, tumors with minor anaplastic transformation, and cases with distant metastasis at presentation [8,9].…”

“…In brief, common type PTC was divided in two groups: WDA (PTC with invasion and/or nodal metastasis) and MDA (highrisk PTC, such as tall cell, columnar cell, solid, loss of cellular polarity/cohesiveness and hobnail variants) [8,9,11,20,21,35,[46][47][48][49]. FTC type carcinoma was also divided into two groups depending on invasiveness but it was modified in this review because of recent prognostic data [23,24,[30][31][32][33][34].…”