Prognosis of ischemic stroke in childhood: a long‐term follow‐up study

Abstract

Little is known about long‐term physical sequelae, cognitive functioning, and quality of life in children who have experienced ischemic stroke. Thirty‐seven patients under 16 years of age were studied; the median interval after stroke was 7 years. CT‐scans were reassessed to determine the type of infarction at baseline. Occurrences of death, of new cardiovascular events, and of seizures during follow‐up were recorded. Surviving patients were invited for a follow‐up examination, including physical check‐up, global screening of cognition, and an inventory of subjective health perception. Only two patients were lost to follow‐up. During follow‐up four died, nine developed seizures, eight had transient ischemic attacks, and two experienced a recurrent ischemic stroke. None of the patients had cardiac complications during follow‐up. In 11 of 27, no functional impairment was found, in 15 there was a hemiparesis of varying severity, and in one a paraplegia. There was a significant shift in cognitive functioning towards lower levels, especially in children with epilepsy. Remedial teaching was frequently needed. Many of the parents’perceived their child's behavior to be very changeable. Three‐quarters of the children considered themselves as healthy as other children, and almost all of them as happy. The physical and functional prognosis after ischemic stroke in childhood is relatively good, particularly in children with no serious causative illness, but special education is often needed and social changes occur.

Current Principles of Complex Rehabilitation of Children with Stroke Consequences

“…Основными факторами, влияющими на исходы и последствия инсульта у детей, являются характер пора-жения, локализация, объем и распространенность пора-жения, степень зрелости мозговых структур к моменту действия повреждающего фактора, врожденная способ-ность мозга к восстановлению, а также пол ребенка, проводимая терапия [2,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНЫЙ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСУЛЬТ В последние годы ученые уделяют большое внимание последствиям перинатального инсульта [2,4,10,14,[16][17][18]37]. Перинатальный церебральный инсульт -нарушение мозгового кровообращения, возникающее в период с 22-й нед гестации до 28-го дня жизни.…”

“…Примерно в половине случаев судороги возникают в течение первой недели жизни, в то же время отмечают-ся поздние сроки реализации эпилептических приступов у детей -как на первом году жизни, так и в более отда-ленный период [9,[14][15][16].…”

“…• спастическая гемиплегия (у 27-58%); • легкие моторные расстройства (у 32%); • эпилепсия (у 39%); • задержка речевого развития (у 25%); • патология поведения (у 22%) [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Cerebrovascular disease in childhood: neuropsychological investigation of 14 cases

“…In the few studies on children development after CVA, neuropsychological deficits are described [2][3][4][5][6] . Armstrong et al 7 assessed 194 children with sickle cell anemia, amongst whom there were 9 with past history of CVA.…”