Profiles of Racial Socialization Messages from Mothers and Fathers and The Colorblind and Anti-Black Attitudes of Asian American Adolescents

Atkin, Annabelle L.; Ahn, Lydia HaRim

doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01597-2

Cited by 20 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For college campus mental health professionals and workplace psychologists, they may seek to facilitate training programs on campuses and in the workplace that target the perpetuation of gendered racial microaggressions to potentially decrease the chances of Black women experiencing gendered racial microaggressions in the first place. White people and nonblack people of color may also strive to dismantle the transmission of anti‐Black and misogynoir‐ridden messages through channels such as family socialization and peer socialization, by actively calling out these discriminatory ideas and unlearning their own internalized biases (Atkin & Ahn, 2022; Bowleg et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators

Burke

Chijioke

2022

J Clin Psychol

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There is robust evidence that gendered racial microaggressions affect Black women's mental health. However, few studies have examined how this form of discrimination affects Black women's social anxiety in addition to their general anxiety, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions stress (GRMS) and gendered racial microaggressions frequency (GRMF), and Black women's social anxiety and general anxiety symptoms. We also examined the mediating roles of distress intolerance and stress in these associations. Method One hundred and sixty‐three Black women, between the ages of 18 and 25 years old, completed a cross‐sectional survey. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions and social anxiety and general anxiety, and mediation analyses examined the indirect effect of gendered racial microaggressions on the outcome variables through distress intolerance and stress. Results GRMS was associated with greater social and general anxiety through the mechanisms of distress intolerance and stress. GRMF was associated with reduced social anxiety and was not associated with general anxiety. Conclusions Intervention efforts should be aimed to prevent the experience of gendered racial microaggressions to prevent subsequent stress and mental health outcomes for Black women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators

Burke

Chijioke

2022

J Clin Psychol

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“…Extant literature has examined how Asian American parents utilize RES to help children navigate racialized experiences (Atkin & Yoo, 2021; Juang et al, 2018; Woo et al, 2020). While prior studies have examined RES as moderators of youth adjustment outcomes (Atkin & Yoo, 2021; Juang et al, 2017; Woo et al, 2020) and as predictors of racial attitudes among Asian American youth (Atkin & Ahn, 2022), no studies to date have investigated the associations between racial discrimination, internalized racism, and domains of RES messages among Asian American parents. Our results contribute to the existing literature by showing that RES may be also informed by internalized racism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining racial discrimination, internalized racism, and racial–ethnic socialization among Asian American parents.

Kim¹,

Hunt²,

Tsai³

et al. 2024

Asian American Journal of Psychology

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This study examined how Asian American parents’ experiences of racial discrimination and internalized racism were associated with domains of racial–ethnic socialization (RES). The study sample consisted of 121 Asian American parents (M = 41.79 years, range = 26–65 years). Using structural equation modeling, a path analysis was conducted to examine whether internalized racism moderated the link between experiences of racial discrimination and RES strategies. Results suggested that racial discrimination was negatively associated with internalized racism (β = −.22, p < .05), but not specific domains of RES; however, internalized racism was significantly associated with the following RES domains: becoming American (β = −.25, p < .05), minimization of race (β = .31, p < .01), cultural pluralism (β = −.41, p < .001), and promotion of equality (β = −.40, p < .001). Significant interactions between racial discrimination and internalized racism emerged, such that parents who reported high levels of racial discrimination and high levels of internalized racism were less likely to convey messages that minimized or denied racism (+1 SD; β = −.36, p < .05) and parents who reported high levels of racial discrimination and low levels of internalized racism were more likely to convey messages that minimized or denied racism (−1 SD; β = .20, p < .05). No other significant interactions emerged for other aspects of RES. The present study underscores the importance of considering internalized racism—a consequence of exposure to racial discrimination—and the role it may have on how Asian Americans convey messages of race to their children.

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“…We recruited 1,249 White participants online. We reasoned that the credentialing manipulation would be less likely to affect non-White participants because, although there is research demonstrating that it is possible for non-White people to also harbor anti-Black racial bias (e.g., Atkin & Ahn, 2022;Correll et al, 2002), we could not find prior research justifying the prediction that non-White individuals would experience heightened concern about looking racist when judging Black individuals. Our participants were recruited online from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk).…”

Section: Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juror decisions about Black defendants.

Salerno¹,

Kulak²,

Smalarz³

et al. 2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: Recently, experimental work on racial bias in legal settings has diverged from real-world field data demonstrating racial disparities, instead often producing null or potential overcorrection effects favoring Black individuals over White individuals. We explored the role of social desirability in these counterintuitive effects and tested whether allowing participants to establish nonracist moral credentials increased their willingness to convict a Black defendant. Hypotheses: We predicted that establishing nonracist moral credentials would increase convictions of Black defendants-especially for participants likely to harbor racial bias and external motivation to control it. Method: In two experiments, we randomly assigned White mock jurors (Study 1: N = 1,018; Study 2: N = 1,253) to establish nonracist moral credentials by acquitting a Black defendant in an initial case, acquit a White defendant in the same case, or see no prior case. Next, they judged an ambiguous case against a Black (Studies 1 and 2) or White (Study 2) defendant. After choosing verdicts, they provided open-ended guesses of what the study was about. Participants completed measures of explicit prejudice, motivations to control prejudice, and political orientation. Results: Most participants who were asked to judge at least one Black defendant guessed that the study was about racial bias and convicted Black defendants less often than did those who guessed the study was about something else. White participants who established nonracist credentials were significantly more likely to convict Black defendants compared with White participants who did not establish nonracist credentials. Subsequent analyses revealed that conservatives showed this predicted credentialing pattern, whereas liberals did not. Credentialed liberals' convictions of Black defendants remained low; instead, they convicted White defendants more than did noncredentialed liberals. Conclusions: Social desirability plays a clear role in whether White people acquit Black defendants in experiments, which does not align with persistent racial bias in the legal system. Research participants' concern about looking prejudiced might undermine the validity of experiments investigating racial bias in legal settings by artificially inflating pro-Black judgments. The opportunity to credential oneself as nonracist, however, might make conservatives more comfortable making anti-Black legal judgments-whereas credentialed liberals continue to judge Black individuals more favorably than White individuals in legal settings. Public Significance StatementCriminal contexts are very racially charged today, and many people perceive the decision to convict a Black defendant to be about race and bias. The current research suggests that concerns about appearing racially biased in experimental settings lead to lower conviction rates for Black defendants. However, conservatives (but not liberals) are more willing to convict a Black defendant when given the opportunity to establish that they are not r...

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Profiles of Racial Socialization Messages from Mothers and Fathers and The Colorblind and Anti-Black Attitudes of Asian American Adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators

Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators

Examining racial discrimination, internalized racism, and racial–ethnic socialization among Asian American parents.

The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juror decisions about Black defendants.

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