Profile of Secondary Glaucoma at a Tertiary Hospital in East Java

Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The aim of this study was to review the profile of secondary glaucoma cases visiting a tertiary hospital in East Java. This is retrospective observational study, completed case records of new patients with secondary glaucoma who presented to glaucoma clinic from January 2014 to April 2016 were included. Out of the 363 case records screened, 66 cases were found to eligible for inclusion. The evaluation included a detailed history and examination performed including vision, anterior segment examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, and fundus evaluation. Diagnosis of secondary glaucoma was made on the basis of presence of a secondary cause for presence of raised IOP. 66 cases were eligible for inclusion in the study, most of the cases was occurred in the range age 21-50 years. The male female ratio was 1.3:1. Frequent causes of secondary glaucoma were lens factor 30.8%, steroid induced 29.5%, uveitic 20.5%, neovascular15.4%, and surgical complication 3.8%. Most patients with secondary glaucoma have poor vision < 0.1 with high IOP at presentation. Assessment and early detection of underlying cause is the key guide to treatment strategy.

The Profile of Secondary Glaucoma in China: A Study of Over 10,000 Patients

“…This study revealed that the mean age of patients with SG was 44.45 ± 19.45 years old. This was different from a study by Komaratih et al, 9 which described most SG patients as 50 to 60 years old due to senile cataracts. This is probably because our data have a high proportion of traumatic SGs occurring in youth.…”

“…Our study showed that men were more prevalent than women in all age which was in accordance with previous data from Northern India and Indonesia. 3,9 One reason is that violent behaviors and highrisk professions can give rise to a high prevalence of trauma in men in developing countries. 16 Another reason may be the high incidence of vascular disease in men, which is in accordance with our data (Supplementary Table 2, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/IJG/A577).…”

“…12 Drug-induced glaucoma was the first cause in Indonesia. 9 In Japan, exfoliating glaucoma was the leading cause of SG, while uveitic glaucoma was the second most common type. 4 Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Paraguay have a higher ratio of syndrome-related SG 6,11,13 (syndromes related to SG include Peter's anomaly, pigmentary glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome, Sturge Weber syndrome, iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, and Axenfeld anomaly Rieger syndrome).…”

Profile of Secondary Glaucoma in Menelik II Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The leading cause of secondary glaucoma was PXG followed by NVG and uveitic glaucoma in this study and it is similar to the study done in Saudi Arabia (23). While other authors (7,12,21,22) found different common subtypes of secondary glaucoma (Table 4). The prevalence of secondary glaucoma varies globally from 0.2 to 26.7% among various studies with varied etiologies (7,11,(22)(23)(24).…”

“…In this study, males were affected more frequently with secondary glaucoma (55%) compared to 45% of females. Likewise, it was reported that more males were affected in a study conducted in India (12). On the other hand, more females were affected, as reported in other studies (21)(22)(23).…”