Profile of Secondary Glaucoma in Menelik II Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Purpose To determine the current clinical profile, proportion, and causes of various types of secondary glaucoma in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients at Menelik II Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a glaucoma clinic between May 1 - July 31, 2022. All newly diagnosed secondary glaucoma patients aged 18 years and above were included. A structured format comprising socio-demographic data, history, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp, gonioscopy, fundus examination findings, and finally, the diagnosis was used. Data management and analysis were done using SPSS version 26. Results Four-hundred forty-nine new glaucoma patients visited the clinic during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (38.53%) patients were diagnosed to have secondary glaucoma. The leading causes of secondary glaucoma were found to be Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (75.5%), followed by neovascular glaucoma (7%), uveitic glaucoma (6.7%), lens-induced glaucoma (5%), and miscellaneous causes (5.7%). Secondary glaucoma was a significant cause of visual morbidity, with 57.04% of eyes presenting with best corrected visual acuity < 6/60, IOP > 30 mm Hg in 45.3% of eyes, and 61.74% with a cup-to-disc ratio of ≥ 0.7. Conclusion Secondary glaucoma is a significant cause of visual morbidity. Timely diagnosis and early and appropriate management are essential to prevent irreversible visual loss.