Produktivitas Tumpangsari Kedelai dengan Jagung pada Akhir Musim Hujan di Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering (Productivity of Soybean Intercropping with Maize at the End of Rainy Season in Dry Land with Dry Climate )

Abstract

ABSTRAK Luas panen kedelai di Indonesia pada 2017 hanya mencapai 355.799 ha dengan produksi 538.728 ton. Untuk mencapai swasembada, luas panen tersebut harus dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 1,2 juta ha dengan produktivitas 1,6 ton/ha. Peningkatan luas panen kedelai dapat dilakukan pada lahan kering dan iklim kering yang pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas dan kelayakan teknis paket teknologi budidaya kedelai tumpang sari dengan jagung di lahan kering beriklim kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim hujan (MH) 2017/2018 di Kecamatan Tegaldlimo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur pada zona iklim D3 (3–4 bulan basah/tahun) dengan jenis tanah vertisol, mengikuti pola tanam padi gogo – jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara tanam tumpang sari kedelai dengan jagung baris ganda setelah panen padi gogo, mampu memberikan hasil biji jagung kering 2,03 ton/ha dan kedelai 1,50 ton/ha. Cara tanam ini lebih menguntungkan daripada tanam jagung atau kedelai monokultur yang berturut-turut memberikan hasil 3,50 ton/ha dan 1,85 ton/ha biji kering. Hasil kedelai dan jagung pada saat penelitian tidak maksimal karena selama pertumbuhan curah hujan hanya 194 mm, sehingga tanaman terutama jagung mengalami cekaman kekeringan. Keuntungan usahatani kedelai monokultur, jagung monokultur, dan kedelai tumpang sari dengan jagung berturut-turut adalah Rp8.633.500,00; Rp5.039.400,00; dan Rp11.090.600,00 per ha. Tumpang sari kedelai dengan jagung mampu memanfaatkan lahan lebih efisien dengan Nilai Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL) 1,39. kata kunci: jagung, kedelai, lahan kering beriklim kering, tumpang sari ABSTRACT Soybean harvested area in Indonesia in 2017 only reached 356,799 ha with a total production of 538,728 tons. To achieve self-sufficiency, the harvested area must be increased to 1.2 million ha with a productivity of 1.6 tons/ha. To increase the harvested area, soybean can be developed in a dry land with dry climate that has not been utilized optimally. The study aimed to evaluate the productivity and technical feasibility of soybean intercropping with maize in a dry land with a dry climate. The study was conducted in the rainy season of 2017/2018 at Tegaldlimo Sub-district, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province in the D3 climate zone (3–4 wet months/year) at vertisol soil using the cropping pattern of upland rice-maize.The results indicated that soybean is intercropping with maize in a double row after upland rice harvesting was able to provide the dry seeds yield of maize 2.03 tons/ha and soybean 1.50 tons/ha. This planting method was more profitable compared to maize monoculture yielding 3.50 tons/ha or soybean monoculture yielding 1.85 tons/ha dry seeds yield. The yields of soybean and maize in the study were not optimal due to low precipitation to only 194 mm during the plant growth, so the crops, particularly the maize experienced drought stress. The benefits of soybean monoculture, maize monoculture, and soybean intercropping with maize farming were 8,633,500 IDR, 5,039,400 IDR, and 11,090,600 IDR per ha, respectively. The soybean intercropping with maize was also able to utilize land more efficiently with a Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of 1.39. keywords: maize, soybean, dry land with dry climate, intercropping