Productivity of crop rotation by the main tillage in the Tyumen region

Abstract

The problem of tillage is one of the most pressing in agriculture and the most controversial. Mechanical tillage is the most common type of work in agriculture, without which it is hardly possible to cultivate crops. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2008–2016. The soil is leached chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition with morphological features and properties typical for Western Siberia. As a result of the long-term research, the effectiveness of differentiated main soil processing while the cultivation of crops in the crop rotation was established. It should be noted that the yield of spring wheat is higher when placed with the first crop after the full fallow, the yield of the second spring wheat after the full fallow is lower than the yield of the first wheat. Reducing the depth of processing led to a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. In terms of crop rotation, the highest yield of fodder and grain units per hectare was obtained by differentiated deep processing, which is higher than the control (moldboard) and moldboard-free. As a result of a decrease in the depth of processing, there was a decrease in the yield of fodder and grain units. The lowest yield of both fodder and grain units was obtained in the fields without main processing. In the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the cultivation of agricultural crops (annual grasses, spring wheat) is effective in terms of differentiated main tillage in crop rotation.

The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

“…It has been established that grain crops (spring wheat and oats) in the Western Siberia do not fully develop the humus layer of chernozem due to unfavorable temperature conditions and water regime [15][16]. It is also impossible to reject the BIO Web of Conferences 36, 03007 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213603007 FSRAABA 2021 hypothesis of the influence of an over-compacted layer at a depth of 30-35 cm, which prevents the penetration of roots deep into the soil [17].…”

Comparative analysis of segetal vegetation in different climatic zones of the Northern Trans-Urals

“…On the territory of the Tyumen region, a description of the segetal vegetation is presented in terms of quantitative and species composition, depending on the varieties of spring wheat and tillage. Agrophytocenoses are mainly infested with Atriplex patula, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eqisetum arvense, Galium aparine, Stellaria media, and Thlaspi arvense, in the amount of 40 to 56 pcs/m 2 [4,5]. Segetal (weedy) species are not included in the "formations" of cultivated plants but are considered as largely autonomous phenomena associated primarily with the nature of the soil.…”

Phosphorus-potassium state as an element of natural fertility of gray forest soils of Western Siberia

“…Adaptive landscape farming technologies were also developed, which contributed to the disclosure of the potential of soils involved in agriculture [5,6]. Currently, there are zonal systems of crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, and plant protection [7,8]. The set of results of the work of breeders, geneticists, farmers, and agricultural chemists ensured the agriculture advancement far to the north and east of Russia.…”