Productivity Impact of the Modern Varieties of Rice in India

Abstract

The present paper analyzed the long‐term yield growth and total factor productivity (TFP) growth by applying Tornqvist‐Theil index method for two periods, namely, 1970–85 (early Green Revolution) and 1986–2000 (late Green Revolution), for major rice‐growing states of India. The yield data shows an increasing long‐term growth trend throughout the Green Revolution period in irrigated states where modern variety (MV) adoption was nearly complete. However, yield advances started to slow down for intensive irrigated rice systems in the 1990s, whereas rainfed ecosystems have increased during the late Green Revolution period. The domestic spillovers of MV from irrigated to rainfed states is likely to be one of the contributing factors to increased TFP growth in ranifed areas after the 1980s. This implies that the MV of rice developed for irrigated ecosystems have also benefited substantially the rainfed‐dominant eastern Indian states in the long run where partial irrigation facilities such as shallow tube wells were created after the mid‐1980s.

The Changing Effects of Agro-Climate on Cereal Crop Yields during the Green Revolution in India, 1972 to 2002

“…For m = 1 also, the predicted irrigation effect hits its peak in 1985. These results clearly suggest that early generations of rice technology require more irrigation than do recent ones, which is consistent with the descriptive analysis of MV adoption by Janaiah, Hossain and Otsuka (2006) and Byerlee (1996). Also, it is confirmed that irrigation works to reduce the impact of temperature and rainfall.…”

“…In the early GR period (1974 to 1988), the correlation coefficients are high for wheat, rice, and maize at 0.76, 0.79, and 0.62 respectively, while they are only 0.38, 0.35, and 0.46 in the subsequent period (1989 to 2002). In fact, such a trend is consistent with the preceding studies by Janaiah et al (2006), Gollin (2006), and Byerlee (1996), all of which point out that the MVs released in the earlier period were high-yielding only under favorable production environments, whereas subsequent generations of MVs possess traits suitable for a variety of agro-climates. Given these changing correlation coefficients, we attempt to find out the impact of technology on the climate effects by regarding the district-level irrigation variable as a district-level technology indicator, which is expected to capture the compound effects of irrigation and MV technology only in the early stage of the GR for wheat, rice, and maize.…”

Comparisons of agricultural productivity growth in China and India

“…1 See for the case of India: Bhushan (2005), Dholakia and Dholakia (1993), Evenson et al (1999), Evenson and McKin (1991), Fan et al (1999), Janaiah et al (2006, Kaur and Sekhon (2005), Kumar et al (2004), Mahadevan (2003), Murgai (2001), Roy and Pal (2002), Upender (2005).…”

Sustainability Implications of the Evolution of Rice Farming amid Rural Poverty: The Case of the Chhotanagpur Plateau in Eastern India

“…The rainfed region of Eastern India was estimated to be important in driving overall trends toward MV adoption, accounting for nearly a third of total MV adoption (Janaiah et al, 2006) in Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. The study covered the states of Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, and found that each area experienced significant jumps in rice yields during the 1980s.…”